出口和引进外资对人力资本效率的影响——基于中国工业企业数据的实证分析

The Impact of Exports and Foreign Capital on Human Capital Efficiency:An Empirical Analysis Based on Chinese Industrial Enterprise Data

构建空间动态面板模型,基于1998-2013年中国工业企业数据,利用空间纠正Sys-GMM法实证发现,中国工业企业出口和引进外资与人力资本效率均存在空间自相关,企业人力资本效率存在空间溢出效应;中国工业企业出口和引进外资有助于人力资本效率提高,但提高作用不大,这一结果因企业所处地区、行业属性和所有制性质不同而表现出异质性,其中东部地区企业出口和引进外资显著提高了企业人力资本效率,中西部地区企业出口和引进外资未显著促进企业人力资本效率提升;劳动密集型企业出口和引进外资未显著提升人力资本效率,资本技术密集型企业出口和引进外资显著提高了人力资本效率;国有企业出口和引进外资显著促进了人力资本效率提升,民营企业出口和引进外资未能显著提高人力资本效率。

Based on the data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 1998 to 2013,this paper constructs a spatial dynamic panel model and uses the spatial correction Sys-GMM method to empirically study and find that both export and foreign capital and human capital efficiency of Chinese industrial enterprises have spatial autocorrelation,and there is spatial spillover effect on human capital efficiency of enterprises.China's industrial enterprises export and import foreign capital help to improve the human capital efficiency,but the effect is not great.This result has changed because of the difference of the region,industry attribute and ownership nature of the enterprise.Further,it is found that the export and foreign capital of enterprises in the eastern region have significantly improved the human capital efficiency of enterprise,while the export and foreign capital of enterprises in central and western regions have not significantly promoted the human capital efficiency.The export and foreign capital of labor-intensive enterprises have not significantly improved the human capital efficiency,while the export and foreign capital of capital-technology-intensive enterprises have significantly improved the human capital efficiency.The export and foreign capital of state-owned enterprises have significantly promoted the human capital efficiency,while the export and foreign capital of private enterprises have not significantly improved the human capital efficiency.