基于环境行为学的城市广场空间设计研究

An Research of City Square Space Design Based on Environmental Behavior

城市广场是人们活动的载体,人是城市广场的主要行为主体。因此,广场的空间设计应满足人们的需求。目前,我国许多城市广场的设计因为缺乏对人的行为需求的考虑,导致呈现出对市民吸引力不足,广场使用率较低的现象。基此,针对城市广场存在的主要问题,立足环境行为学角度,重点探讨了城市广场的环境-行为特征,并从合理的空间尺度、适宜的空间布局与适合的空间序列3方面,阐述了城市广场空间设计中的环境行为学要求,具体分析了纽约市洛克菲勒中心广场空间设计。

The city square is the carrier of people’s activities,and people are the main actors of the city square. Therefore,the space design of the square should meet people’s needs. At present,the design of many city squares in our country lacks consideration of the needs of people’s behavior,leading to the phenomenon of insufficient attraction to citizens and low utilization rate of squares. Based on the main problems existing in city squares and the perspective of environmental behavior,this paper firstly focuses on the environment-behavior characteristics of city squares. Then,the requirements of environmental behavior in city square space are discussed from three aspects including reasonable spatial scale,suitable spatial layout and appropriate spatial sequence. Finally,the space design of the Rockefeller Center Plaza in New York City is taken as an example for application analysis.