河北安国药用植物根区土壤木霉物种多样性!

Species Diversity of Trichoderma in Root Zone Soil of Medicinal Plants Grown in Anguo Hebei,China

为探明安国药用植物根区土壤木霉Trichoderma spp.群落组成和物种分布,2017年7月在河北省安国市中药材种植基地选取麦冬Ophiopogon japonicus、半枝莲Scutellaria barbata和亚麻Linum usitatissimum等26种药用植物,采集根区0~30 cm土层土壤样品,采用形态特征结合r DNA ITS序列分析方法对木霉种类进行分类鉴定,探讨木霉属真菌群落组成、物种多样性以及土壤因子的生态功能。共分离鉴定出10种木霉,包括绿色木霉Trichoderma viride、深绿木霉Trichoderma atroviride、哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum、短密木霉Trichoderma brevicompactum、长枝木霉Trichoderma longibrachiatum、突里巴木霉Trichoderma turrialbense、贵州木霉Trichoderma guizhouense、猬木霉Trichoderma erinaceus、康宁木霉Trichoderma koningii和黄绿木霉Trichoderma aureoviride,其中优势种为绿色木霉、深绿木霉和哈茨木霉,分离频率分别为38%、18%和17%。金银花Lonicera japonica根区土壤木霉物种分离频率最高(15%),分离到绿色木霉、深绿木霉、哈茨木霉、贵州木霉和康宁木霉,其香农维纳指数最高(1.359),均匀度指数较小(0.845);甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis分离频率次之(9%),分离到绿色木霉、哈茨木霉、长枝木霉和突里巴木霉,其香农维纳指数为1.330,均匀度指数为0.959;其他植物均分离到绿色木霉或深绿木霉,多样性指数较低,表明不同药用植物根区木霉群落组成差异显著。主成分分析发现,土壤磷酸酶、有机碳和速效氮是影响河北安国样地土壤理化性质的主要变量。深绿木霉与土壤脲酶和酸性磷酸酶显著正相关,哈茨木霉与土壤有机碳显著正相关,与速效磷显著负相关;短密木霉与植物种类和p H显著负相关,长枝木霉与速效氮正相关,表明土壤理化性质和植物对木霉分布有显著影响。方差分解表明木霉多样性主要受植物种类的影响。

In order to explore the composition and species distribution of Trichoderma spp.community in the root zone of medicinal plants in Anguo,Hebei Province,China.In July 2017,26 species of medicinal plants such as Ophiopogon japonicus,Scutellaria barbata and Linum usitatissimum were selected from Chinese medicinal material planting base in Anguo.Soil samples of in the root zone were collected,morphological characteristics were combined with r DNA ITS sequence analysis to classify and identify fungi,and the species composition and diversity of Trichoderma fungi were studied,with ecological functions of soil factors.Ten species of Trichoderma were isolated and identified in the rhizosphere soils of plant,including Trichoderma viride,Trichoderma atroviride,Trichoderma harzianum,Trichoderma brevicompactum,Trichoderma longibrachiatum,Trichoderma turrialbense,Trichoderma guizhouense,Trichoderma erinaceus,Trichoderma koningii and Trichoderma aureoviride.The dominant species were Trichoderma viride,Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma harzianum,with separation frequencies of 38%,18%and 17%,respectively.The composition of Trichoderma communities of different plants was significantly different.The species of Trichoderma in Lonicera japonica was the highest(15%),and Trichoderma viride,Trichoderma atroviride,Trichoderma harzianum,Trichoderma guizhouense and Trichoderma koningii were separated,and the Shannon Wiener Index was the highest(1.359),the uniformity index was small(0.845).Species of Glycyrrhiza uralensis followed(9%),with Trichoderma viride,Trichoderma harzianum,Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma turrialbense,the Shannon Wiener Index was 1.330 and the uniformity Index was 0.959.Principal component analysis found that soil phosphatase,organic carbon,and available nitrogen were the main variables affecting soil physical and chemical properties.Correlation analysis showed that Trichoderma atroviride was significantly and positively correlated with soil urease and acid phosphatase,Trichoderma harzianum was significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon,and significantly and negatively correlated with available phosphorus,Trichoderma brevicompactum was significantly and negatively correlated with plants and pH,Trichoderma longibrachiatum was positively correlated with available nitrogen.Our results showed that soil factors and plant species have important effects on the distribution of Trichoderma.Variance decomposition indicated that Trichoderma diversity was mainly affected by plant species.