栽培赤芍配方肥优化分析

Optimization Analysis of Formula Fertilizer for Cultivated Radix Paeoniae Rubra

为了探索提高栽培赤芍产量和品质的配方肥,采用氮、磷、有机物料三因素二次饱和D-最优回归设计试验,分析施肥对芍药产量、根系性状和芍药苷含量的影响,并优化施肥模型。研究结果表明,有机物料(褐煤)、氮、磷合理施用能促进赤芍的生长发育,并对赤芍的产量和质量产生影响。在低水平(氮0~90 kg/hm^2、磷0~100 kg/hm^2、褐煤0~3700 kg/hm^2)施用量情况下,氮肥、磷肥、有机物料适量施用促产效果显著,而过高(氮>110 kg/hm^2、磷>150 kg/hm^2、褐煤>4200 kg/hm^2)的施用量会造成赤芍显著减产,而钾肥对赤芍产量的影响较小;褐煤和磷肥适量施用对芍药苷含量提升有促进作用。为保证栽培赤芍高产优质,总结出配方肥合理配比范围为:尿素200~240 kg/hm^2,过磷酸钙550~687 kg/hm^2,褐煤3700~4200 kg/hm^2,可实现赤芍产量2800~3200 kg/hm^2,芍药苷含量3%~4%。

In order to improve the yield and quality of cultivated Radix Paeonia Rubra using formula fertilizer,the quadratic saturation D-optimal regression design experiment of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic materials was used.The effects of fertilization on the yield,root traits and paeoniflorin content of Radix Paeonia Rubra were analyzed,and the fertilization model was optimized.The results showed that the rational application of organic fertilizer,nitrogen and phosphorus could promote the growth,yield and quality of Radix Paeonia Rubra under the condition of low application rate(nitrogen 0~90 kg/hm^2,phosphorus 0~100 kg/hm^2,lignite 0~3700 kg/hm^2).Excessive application(nitrogen>110 kg/hm^2,phosphorus>150 kg/hm^2,lignite>4200 kg/hm^2)resulted in yield reduction significantly,while the effect of potassium was in a subtle way.Proper application of lignite and phosphorus had a promoting effect on the content of paeoniflorin.For ensuring the high yield and quality of cultivated Radix Paeonia Rubra,the proper range of formula fertilizer was urea 200~240 kg/hm^2,calcium superphosphate 550~687 kg/hm^2,lignite 3700~4200 kg/hm^2 that increase yield to 2800~3200 kg/hm^2,and paeoniflorin content 3%~4%.