低剂量螺旋CT肺癌筛查研究进展

Progress of Lung Cancer Screening with Low Dose Helical Computed Tomography

肺癌严重危害人类健康,呈现疾病负担重、晚期肺癌占比大和5年生存率低的现状。因此,开展肺癌人群筛查以提高早诊早治至关重要。美国肺癌筛查试验(National Lung Screening Trial,NLST)公布的低剂量螺旋计算机断层扫描(low dose helical computed tomography,LDCT)筛查可以降低肺癌死亡率,给肺癌的早诊早治带来了希望。近年来,LDCT肺癌筛查研究不断取得新进展。然而,目前关于LDCT用于肺癌筛查是否可以大规模推广应用仍存在争议。本文将从LDCT肺癌筛查的发展史、高危人群选择、结节管理、筛查效果、筛查接受度和成本效益等方面进行综述。

Lung cancer which represents characteristics of a heavy disease burden, a large proportion of advanced lung cancer and a low five-year survival rate is a threat to human health. It is essential to implement population-based lung cancer screening to improve early detection and early treatment. The National Lung Screening Trial(NLST) demonstrated that screening with low dose helical computed tomography(LDCT) may decrease lung cancer mortality, which brings hope for the early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. In recent years, great progresses have been made on research of lung cancer screening with LDCT. However, whether LDCT could be applied to large population-based lung cancer screening projects is still under debate. In this paper, we review the recent progresses on history of lung cancer screening with LDCT, selection of highrisk individuals, management of pulmonary nodules, performance of screening, acceptance of LDCT and cost-effectiveness.