不同保水剂对土壤特性及烤烟生长的影响

Effects of different super absorbent polymer on soil characteristics and flue-cured tobacco growth

为提高秦巴山区黄棕壤烟田的土壤性能,减少季节性干旱对烤烟生长的影响,以不施保水剂为对照,在烟田整地起垄前分别施入聚丙烯酸钾(K-PAM)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和腐殖酸钾(KHm)3种保水剂,测定施用不同保水剂后的土壤容重、土壤水分和烤烟生长状况、常规化学成分及经济性状。结果表明,聚丙烯酸钾和聚丙烯酰胺保水剂均降低0~40cm土层土壤容重,在烤烟旺长期提高0~40cm土层土壤水分。不同保水剂均可提高烤烟常规化学成分含量,其中腐殖酸钾保水剂显著降低烤烟的糖碱比和氮碱比。聚丙烯酸钾保水剂提高烤烟的产量、产值、上等烟比例及净增产值,而聚丙烯酰胺和腐殖酸钾保水剂处理组则降低烤烟的净增产值。因此,建议秦巴山区黄棕壤烟田选用聚丙烯酸钾类保水剂。

In order to improve the soil characteristics of tobacco field with yellow brown soil in Qinba mountain area,and reduce the effect of seasonal drought on the growth of flue-cured tobacco,taking no super absorbent polymer as control,potassium polyacrylate(K-PAM),polyacrylamide(PAM)and potassium humate(KHm)super absorbent polymers respectively were applied before ridging,the effects of different super absorbent polymers on soil bulk density,soil moisture and the growth,conventional chemical composition,economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco were monitored.The results showed that K-PAM and PAM decreased soil bulk density in 0-40 cm soil layer,and increased soil moisture in 0-40 cm soil layer during tobacco flourishing growth stage.The content of conventional chemical components in flue-cured tobacco can be improved by different super absorbent polymers,among which KHm significantly reduced the ratio of sugar to nicotine and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine of the flue-cured tobacco.K-PAM increased the yields,output value,the proportion of superior tobacco and the net output value,while PAM and KHm decreased the net output value of flue-cured tobacco.Therefore,it is suggested that K-PAM should be used in the tobacco field with yellow brown soil in Qinba Mountain area.