贵州省喀斯特温凉气候区半夏产量构成及配方施肥的研究

Study on yield components and fertilization of Pinellia ternate in Karst cool-temperature region in Guizhou Province

为解析贵州喀斯特温凉气候区优质半夏的产量构成及最佳施肥配方,以桃叶半夏为研究对象,通过株高、主叶长等主要农艺性状与产量的相关性分析、通径分析及"3414"测土配方施肥试验,解析半夏高产构成。结果表明:1)相关分析显示,块茎直径、株高、主叶长和叶柄粗度与半夏高产相关性最高;2)通径分析显示,对半夏块茎产量直接作用最显著的因素为块茎直径和主叶长;此外,株高和叶柄粗度对半夏产量也具有正作用;3)贵州喀斯特半夏产区土壤含氮量较高,最适于半夏的施肥配方为试验处理N0P2K2:磷肥10kg/667m^2和钾肥12kg/667m^2。在该处理下,半夏平均亩产可达350kg/667m2以上。综上,半夏高产的选育方向为块茎直径较大、主叶较短、株高较高和叶柄较粗,贵州喀斯特产区应控制氮肥施用量≤10kg/667m^2。

The aim of this study was to investigate the yield component and optimum fertilization condition of Pinellia ternate planting in Guizhou Province.Peach-leaf type P.ternate variety was used as material.The correlation analysis,path analysis of main agronomic traits and’3414’fertilization analysis were conducted.The results showed that:1)The diameter of tuber,plant height,length of main leaf and the diameter of petiole were most correlated with high yield.The diameter of tuber and length of main leaf contributed most to high yield,then the plant height and the diameter of petiole.2)Because of the high level of nitrogenous content existed in soil in Karst region of Guizhou Province,the optimum fertilization formula of P.ternate was set at 10 kg/667 m^2 phosphate fertilizer and 12 kg/667 m^2 potash fertilizer.3)Under the optimum fertilization condition,the average yield of’Space No.I’was over 350 kg/667 m^2.In all,the yield components of P.ternate were higher tuber diameter,lower main leaf length,higher plant height and larger petiole diameter size.The suggested application amount of nitrogenous fertilizer for P.ternate planting in Karst region of Guizhou Province was suggested within the range of 0-10 kg/667 m^2.