内蒙古锡林郭勒冬季放牧蒙古牛肠道微生物多样性和功能预测分析

Study on gut microbiome diversity and functional prediction of grazing Mongolian cattle in winter in Xilin Gol,Inner Mongolia

为探究内蒙古锡林郭勒冬季放牧蒙古母牛肠道微生物组成及其功能,采集同一地区冬季(11、12月和次年1月)放牧蒙古母牛(各20头)直肠粪便样品,利用16SrRNA测序技术对其肠道菌群多样性进行分析及PICRUSt(Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states,PICRUSt)功能预测。结果显示,60份样品平均每样品测得90075条序列,通过聚类共获得3975个操作分类单元(Operational taxonomic units,OTU),84.60%的OTU注释到门水平;29.56%的OTU注释到属水平;在门水平和属水平,冬季放牧蒙古牛肠道中优势物种分别为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和艾克曼菌属(Akkermansia);随着天气逐渐变冷,食物短缺,蒙古牛肠道中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)减少,而拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)增多;聚类分析发现,11月和12月蒙古牛肠道微生物群落较为相似,而与次年1月相比有明显差异;PICRUSt功能预测发现,随着天气逐渐变冷,免疫系统、环境适应性及细胞运动性相关通路丰度降低,氨基酸代谢通路丰度增加。综上,蒙古牛肠道菌群在适应食物短缺的冬季发挥着重要作用。

To investigate the composition and function of gut microbiome of grazing Mongolian cattle during winter in Xilin Gol,Inner Mongolia,fecal samples were collected from grazing Mongolian cattle(female,n=20)in the same region in winter(November,December and January of the following year).The diversity of intestinal flora was analyzed and function prediction of PICRUSt was performed by 16 SrRNA sequencing.The results showed that 90075 sequences were measured in average for each sample of the 60 samples,and 3975 operational taxonomic units(OTU)were obtained through clustering.The 84.60%OTU were annotated to phyla level and 29.56%OTU were annotated to genus level;The Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Bacteroides and Akkermansia were dominant in the gut of grazing Mongolian cattle in winter at the phyla and genes levels,respectively;With the cold weather and food shortage,the number of Firmicutes in the gut of Mongolian cattle decreased,while that of Bacteroidetes increased;The clustering analysis showed that the gut microbial communities of Mongolian cattle in November and December were similar,while there was significantly different from that in January of the following year;The function prediction by PICRUSt showed that with the weather becoming cold,the abundance of pathways related to Immune system,environmental adaptability and cell motility decreased and the abundance of amino acid metabolism pathways increased.In conclusion,the intestinal flora of Mongolian cattle plays an important role in adapting to the food shortage in winter.