2011—2019年福建省学生肺结核报告发病情况分析

Analysis of the reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2019

目的分析2011—2019年福建省学生肺结核发病特征。方法通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》获得发病时间为2011—2019年的福建省学生肺结核疫情报告卡信息,根据福建省统计年鉴统计在校学生人数,计算学生肺结核报告发病率,结合疫情报告卡的人口学特征及诊断分类等信息,对在校学生的肺结核流行病学特征进行分析。结果2011—2019年,福建省学生活动性肺结核报告发病率出现先下降后上升的趋势。2011—2015年报告发病率分别为12.57/10万(722/574.18万)、10.26/10万(593/577.96万)、9.65/10万(549/568.73万)、9.36/10万(537/574.01万)和6.68/10万(391/585.25万),呈逐年下降趋势(χ趋势2=96.43,P<0.05)。2016—2019年报告发病率分别为8.00/10万(478/597.22万)、9.82/10万(598/609.02万)、12.52/10万(792/632.40万)和10.92/10万(721/660.26万),呈升高趋势(χ趋势2=38.02,P<0.05)。2011—2013年,每年学生肺结核报告发病的高峰在3月份,在全年学生报告发病例数中的占比分别为17.31%(125/722)、23.78%(141/593)和23.68%(130/549)。2015—2019年,每年的学生肺结核报告发病的高峰在12月份前后,在全年学生报告发病例数中的占比分别为19.44%(76/391)、19.67%(94/478)、12.88%(77/598)、14.52%(115/792)和15.40%(111/721)。2014年出现3月份和12月份2个报告发病高峰,在全年学生报告发病例数中的占比分别为19.74%(106/537)和19.37%(104/537)。各年度报告发病例数均以15~<20岁年龄组占比最高,平均为59.91%(3224/5381)。各年度报告发病例数均为男性高于女性,男∶女≈1.37∶1(3113∶2268)。结论2011—2019年,福建省学生结核病疫情呈先下降后上升的趋势;15~<20岁年龄组发病占比最高;学生报告发病例数男性高于女性。要保持对学校结核病防控工作的重视,落实学校结核病防控工作规范要求的各项措施。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)among students in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2019.Methods The PTB reporting data of students in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2019 were collected and analyzed based on"China Disease Prevention and Control Information System".Student data were collected from Fujian Provincial Bureau of Statistics.The epidemiological characteristics of PTB in students were analyzed.Results From 2011 to 2019,the reported incidence of active PTB in students showed a tendency that decreased first and then increased.The incidence rate of students from 2011 to 2015 were 12.57/100 000(722/5 741 800),10.26/100 000(593/5 779 600),9.65/100 000(549/5 687 300),9.36/100 000(537/5 740 100)and 6.68/100 000(391/5 852 500),respectively,with a statistically significant difference(χtrend2=96.43,P<0.05),and those from 2016 to 2019 were 8.00/100 000(478/5 972 200),9.82/100 000(598/6 090 200),12.52/100 000(792/6 324 000)and 10.92/100 000(721/6 602 600),respectively,with a statistically significant difference(χtrend2=38.02,P<0.05).The peak of reported cases concentrated in March from 2011 to 2013,and the proportions of cases reported in students throughout the year were 17.31%(125/722),23.78%(141/593)and 23.68%(130/549)respectively.And the peaks of reported cases concentrated in December from 2015 to 2019,and the proportions were 19.44%(76/391),19.67%(94/478),12.88%(77/598),14.52%(115/792)and 15.40%(111/721)respectively.There were two peaks displayed in March and December in 2014,and the proportions of which were 19.74%(106/537)and 19.37%(104/537).The highest proportion of reported cases was found in the15-<20 age group with an average of 59.91%(3224/5381).The proportion of male was higher than that of female and the sex ratio was about 1.37∶1(3113∶2268).Conclusion The reported incidence of active PTB among students showed a decreased first and then increased trend from 2011 to 2019.The proportion of incidence in15-<20 age group was the highest.And the reported cases in male students were higher than the female cases.We should attach great importance to the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools,and implement the measures required by the school tuberculosis prevention and control regulations.