页岩气压裂返排液对小麦生长及品质的影响

Effect of Shale Gas Fracturing Flowback Fluid on Wheat Growth and Quality

页岩气的商业化开采虽然可以缓解油气资源短缺问题,满足经济发展需求,但不能忽视页岩气开采可能带来的巨大环境问题。为了探究页岩气开采产生的压裂返排液对农作物生长的影响,以冬小麦为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,探究了小麦3个关键生育期(播种期、分蘖期和抽穗期)施入压裂返排液对小麦生长及品质的影响。结果表明,随着返排液浓度升高,小麦株高、生物量、产量及产量构成因子总体呈下降趋势,小麦籽粒粗蛋白及矿质元素含量呈增长趋势,播种期旗叶叶面积呈增长趋势,分蘖期及抽穗期无显著变化。播种期、分蘖期和抽穗期施入返排液浓度分别≥50、≥50和≥150 g·kg^-1时,小麦株高显著降低;返排液浓度分别≥200、≥150和≥100 g·kg^-1时,小麦产量及其构成因子明显降低;返排液浓度分别≥50、≥100和≥100 g·kg^-1时,小麦籽粒品质显著升高。综上,在播种期、分蘖期和抽穗期返排液泄漏进入农田土壤的浓度分别<200、<150和<100 g·kg^-1时,小麦生长发育不会受到明显抑制作用,相反的,小麦的营养品质有一定的提升;返排液泄漏浓度在3个时期分别≥350、≥300和≥200 g·kg^-1时,小麦无法正常生长最终死亡。

Although the commercial exploitation of shale gas can alleviate the shortage of oil and gas resources and meet the demand of economic development,the enormous environmental risk induced by shale gas exploitation cannot be ignored.In order to explore the effects of fracturing flowback fluid produced by shale gas exploitation on crop growth,winter wheat was used as the tested plant and furthermore pot experiment was conducted to explore the impact of the application of flowback fluid on wheat growth and quality at three key growth stages(namely sowing stage,tillering stage and heading stage).Experimental results revealed that with the increase of flowback fluid concentration,the wheat height,biomass,yield and yield composing factors reduced,while the content of crude protein and mineral elements in wheat increased and the area of flag leaf increased during the sowing period.Interestingly,there was no significant difference in the leaf area at tillering and heading stages.In the sowing stage,tillering stage and heading stage the height of wheat decreased significantly in the soil treated with≥50,≥50 and≥150 g·kg^-1 of flowback fluid,respectively;the yield and yield composing factors of wheat were significantly reduced when the concentration of flowback fluid was≥200,≥150 and≥100 g·kg^-1;the grain quality of wheat increased significantly when the concentration of flowback fluid was≥50,≥100 and≥100 g·kg^-1 respectively.In summary,during the sowing stage,tillering stage and heading stage,the growth and development of winter wheat would not be significantly affected when the concentration of flowback fluid entering the soil was less than 200,150 and 100 g·kg^-1,respectively.Conversely,the quality of wheat would be improved.Wheat cannot grow normally and eventually die in the soil treated with flowback fluid at the concentration higher or equal to 350 g·kg^-1(sowing stage),300 g·kg^-1(tillering stage)and 200 g·kg^-1(heading stage).