黄河口尾闾河道冲淤及其影响因素分析

Variation and influence factors of the tail channel geometries in the Yellow River Estuary

入海流路改道频繁、水沙过程变化剧烈等多种因素造成黄河口流路冲淤演变过程十分复杂,在一定程度上影响了黄河下游的防洪安全。为了认识不同因素对黄河尾闾河道演变的影响程度,采用黄河口实测水沙和地形资料,分析了不同因素对黄河尾闾河道冲淤和水位变化的影响。结果表明:1964-2012年黄河尾闾河段的冲淤与水沙要素之间的关联度较低,水沙过程的改变不是影响尾闾河道冲淤的主要因素;流路改道与利津水位变化密切相关,改道前后流路长度变化越大对河道冲淤影响越明显。流路改道初期河道水流流速大幅降低导致泥沙在河道大量淤积;频繁的流路改道使水沙过程与河道冲淤之间不再呈现一致且紧密的关系。研究结果可为黄河口流路综合治理提供科学依据。

Channel processes in the Yellow River Estuary is complicated because of frequent channel shifts with dramatic changes of flow-sediment amount,and flood control in the Lower Yellow River,which are influenced by deposition and scour of the channel.In order to understand the influences of different factors on the channel processes in the Yellow River estuary,data of flow and sediment discharge as well as geometries are used to analyze channel processes and water level variation.The results show that correlation between deposition/erosion of the Yellow River estuary channel and flow-sediment is not significant,while deposition/erosion of Yellow River estuary is closely related with channel shift processes.The more the river length changed,the larger the deposition/erosion was,frequent shift lead to low correlation between flow-sediment transport and channel evolution.This study can provide some scientific evidence for Yellow River estuary regulation.