2016—2018年南昌市活禽市场禽流感病毒监测结果分析

Analysis on surveillance results of avian influenza virus in live poultry market of Nanchang City from 2016-2018

目的了解南昌市活禽市场及外环境禽流感病毒分布情况,为有效防控禽流感提供依据。方法收集2016—2018年南昌市辖区内4家活禽市场禽流感病毒监测资料,用实时反转录聚合酶链式反应(real-time RT-PCR)技术对采集的4116份标本进行A型禽流感病毒核酸检测,对阳性结果再进行H5、H7、H9亚型流感病毒分型。运用χ2检验对检测结果进行统计分析。结果2016—2018年A型禽流感病毒总阳性检出率为22.33%(919/4116),其中H9亚型检出率最高,占阳性标本的56.26%(517/919)。2016—2018年A型禽流感病毒阳性率分别为21.35%、16.12%、29.81%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=57.797,P<0.05)。4家活禽市场A型禽流感病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.831,P<0.05)。5类监测标本中清洗禽类污水A型禽流感病毒阳性率最高(43.48%),禽类泄殖腔最低(13.70%),不同类型标本阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=49.989,P<0.01)。结论南昌市禽流感病毒以H9型为主,活禽零售、批发市场普遍存在禽流感病毒,应将其作为防控的重点场所,持续开展监测并采取综合防控措施。

Objective To understand the distribution of avian influenza virus in the live poultry market and the environment in Nanchang City,provide evidence for the effective prevention and control in avian influenza. Methods Avian influenza virus surveillance data were collected from four live poultry markets in Nanchang City from 2016-2018. 4 116 samples were tested for nucleic acid of type A avian influenza virus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(real-time RT-PCR)technology. The H5,H7 and H9 sub-types of influenza viruses were further classified for the positive results. The results were statistically analyzed by χ2 test. Results The total positive detection rate of type A avian influenza virus from 2016-2018 was22.33%(919/4 116),among which the detection rate of H9 sub-type was the highest,accounting for 56.26%(517/919) of the positive specimens. The positive rate of type A avian influenza virus in 2016-2018 was 21.35%,16.12% and 29.81%,respectively,with statistically significant difference (χ2=57.797,P<0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the positive rate of type A avian influenza virus among four live poultry markets (χ2=9.831,P<0.05). Among the five categories of monitored specimens,the positive rate of avian influenza A virus was the highest(43.48%) in the cleaning wastewater and the lowest(13.70%)in the cloaca of poultry,and there was statistically significant difference in the positive rate among different categories of specimens(χ2=49.989,P<0.01). Conclusion The avian influenza virus in Nanchang City is mainly H9,and the avian influenza virus is prevalent in the retail and wholesale markets of live poultry,where should be seen as the key place for prevention and control,while the continuous monitoring and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken.