非洲博茨瓦纳某公立医院护士工作压力状况及影响因素研究

A study on the stress status and influencing factors of nurses in a public hospital in Botswana of Africa

目的了解非洲南部博茨瓦纳国家护士工作压力现状及影响因素,为有针对性地采取措施提高当地护士的职业心理健康,并为降低护士工作压力提供参考。方法2017年10月—2018年1月采用便利抽样方法,选取非洲南部博茨瓦纳国家某公立医院的250名护士为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、护士工作压力量表和简易应对方式问卷调查其工作压力情况。结果该公立医院护士工作压力总均分为2.83±0.48。单因素分析显示,单身护士工作压力高于已婚护士,护士长工作压力高于病房护士,子女越多护士的工作压力越大,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。护士工作压力程度与积极应对方式呈负相关(r=-0.203,P<0.05),与消极应对方式呈正相关(r=0.371,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,婚姻状况、岗位、子女情况、压力应对方式是博茨瓦纳护士工作压力程度的影响因素(OR=3.971、1.520、5.726、0.287,均P<0.05)。结论博茨瓦纳护士的工作压力较高,鼓励护士采用积极的应对方式有助于其减低工作压力,维持职业心理健康。

Objective To investigate the current situation of job stress, influencing factors and provide reference for taking corresponding measures to improve the occupational mental health and reduce working pressure of nurses in Botswana, southern Africa. Methods Totally 250 nurses in a public hospital of Botswana in southern Africa were investigated by convenience sampling method with General Information Questionnaire, Job Stress Scale for Nurses and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire from October 2017 to January 2018. Results The score on job stress of nurses was 2.83 ±0.48. Univariate analysis revealed that job stress of single nurses was higher than married, while that of head nurseswas higher than that of ward nurses. The more children there had, the greater job stress of nurses would be. The differences were all statistically significant(all P<0.05). The degree of nurses’ job stress was negatively correlated with positive coping style(r=-0.203,P<0.05)and positively correlated with negative coping style(r = 0. 371, P < 0. 05). Logistic regression analysis showed that different marital status, post, the number of childrenand coping style were the influencing factors of nurses’ job stress in Botswana(OR=3.971,1.520,5.726,0.517, all P<0.05).Conclusion The job stress of nurses in Botswana is relatively high. Effective preventive measures should be carried out to reduce nurses’ job stress and maintain occupational mental health.