脊椎动物细小病毒衣壳结构研究进展

Research progress on vertebrate parvovirus capsid structure

脊椎动物细小病毒是一类感染脊椎动物的单链DNA病毒,该病毒衣壳无包膜,呈T=1二十面体对称。从1991年第1个脊椎动物细小病毒--犬细小病毒衣壳结构发布至今,研究人员陆续解析了近100种该类病毒衣壳结构,并揭示了其结构与功能的关联性。尽管脊椎动物细小病毒衣壳蛋白序列多样性高,然而其衣壳的拓扑学结构相对保守。脊椎动物细小病毒衣壳核心蛋白二级结构之间的环状结构构象各不相同,从而使衣壳表面形态具有种属特异性。这些变化使每种病毒可与特定宿主受体结合而产生特定组织嗜性和抗原多样性。文章综述了脊椎动物细小病毒衣壳结构功能和基于衣壳结构的基因工程载体开发的研究进展,以期为我国脊椎动物细小病毒衣壳结构方面的研究提供借鉴。

Vertebrate parvovirinae,infecting vertebrates,is a family of single-stranded DNA viruses with non-enveloped capsids and T=1 icosahedral symmetry.After the first parvovirus,Canine Parvovirus,capsid structure published in 1991,researchers sequentially analyzed the capsid structures of nearly 100 species of the virus and revealed the correlation between their structure and function.Despite high diversity in the capsid viral protein sequence,the structural topologies of all vertebrate parvoviral capsids are conserved.However,surface loops inserted between the core secondary structures elements vary in conformation that enables the assembly of unique capsid surface morphologies within individual genera.These variations enable each virus to bind to a specific host receptor to produce a specific tissue affinity and antigen diversity.In this paper,the structural function of the capsid of vertebrate parvovirus and the development of genetic engineering vectors based on the capsid structure are reviewed in order to provide reference for the research on the capsid structure of vertebrate parvovirus in China.