地方戏曲生态现状及修复策略

Ecological Situation and Restoration Strategies for Local Traditional Chinese Operas

戏曲传承危机不是某一个剧种的问题,而是当前全国地方戏曲剧种面临的整体问题。地方戏曲的保护传承贵在"活态",而活态传承依赖于良性的剧种生态。以云南地方戏和少数民族戏剧为例,地方戏曲剧种传承存在民间演剧逐渐退出民间生活习俗,剧团和从业者数量锐减严重,特殊技艺和传统剧目日渐失传,创作、生产、演出脱离民间需求,缺乏社会文化精英的关注参与等问题。综合而言,即地方戏曲的传承危机主要来自对其生态环境的破坏。要改善这一现状,需让戏曲回归民间属性,从民间诉求、民间立场、民间规律上找到有效的修复策略。

The preservation crisis of traditional Chinese operas is not a problem of a certain type of opera,but an overall problem of local traditional Chinese.The protection and transmission of local traditional Chinese operas lies in the"living status"and the transmission of a living status depends on a fairly good ecological situation of operas.Taking local traditional Chinese operas and ethnic minorities’operas in Yunnan as examples,there are some problems in the transmission of local traditional Chinese operas,such as the gradual disappearance of local operas in folklife and customs,the sharp decrease in the number of troupes and practitioners,the gradual loss of certain skills and traditional repertoires,the separation of creation,production and performance from folk needs,and the lack of attention and participation of social and cultural elites.In a word,the crisis of local operas mainly is because of the destruction of the ecological situations.In order to improve these situations,it is necessary to return local traditional Chinese operas to folk life and find effective restoration strategies from folk appeals,folk positions,and folk principles.