微生物降解石油烃的功能基因研究进展

Function genes in microorganisms capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbon

微生物对石油烃的降解在自然衰减去除土壤和地下水石油烃污染的过程中发挥了重要作用。微生物通过其产生的一系列酶来利用和降解这类有机污染物,其中,编码关键降解酶的基因称为功能基因。功能基因可作为生物标志物用于分析环境中石油烃降解基因的多样性。因此,研究石油降解功能基因是分析土著微生物群落多样性、评价自然衰减潜力与构建基因工程菌的重要基础。本文主要介绍了烷烃和芳香烃在有氧和无氧条件下的微生物降解途径,重点总结了烷烃和芳香烃降解的主要功能基因及其作用,包括参与羟化作用的单加氧酶和双加氧酶基因、延胡索酸加成反应的琥珀酸合酶基因以及中心中间产物的降解酶基因等。

Microorganisms play an important role in the natural attenuation process of petroleum hydrocarbons removal from the environment.Microorganisms can produce a series of enzymes to utilize and degrade these organic contaminants.The genes encoding the key enzymes in the hydrocarbon biodegradation pathway are called as function genes.Therefore,studying the function genes for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation is an important basis for analyzing the diversity of indigenous microbial communities,evaluating the natural decaying potential and constructing the genetic modified strains.This review introduces the aerobic and anaerobic microorganism for biodegradation of alkanes and aromatic compounds.The major function genes for the degradation are summarized,including genes encoding monooxygenases and dioxygenases.