青稞作物脱粒物料清选试验

Experimental Study on Cleaning of Highland Barley Threshing Materials

青稞作物机械收获存在清选损失率和含杂率高等问题。为提高青稞作物机械收获的清选质量,测试分析了青稞作物脱粒物料各组分的相关物性和悬浮特性。采用气吹式农业物料悬浮速度测量装置,测得青稞作物脱粒物料中籽粒、麦芒和颖壳、断穗、短茎秆及碎叶的悬浮速度分别为7.07~12.51、1.29~4.08、2.23~6.32、1.82~8.16和1.18~3.65 m/s。采用风筛式清选试验装置,以离心风机风速和风向、振动筛振动频率和振幅为试验因素进行单因素和正交试验,以籽粒清洁率和清选损失率为试验指标,运用极差分析法得出试验因素最佳组合为风机风速8.5 m/s、风向35°、振动筛振幅30 mm和频率190 r/min,其试验结果为清洁率97.32%、损失率3.73%。该试验可为青稞联合收割机清选装置结构参数和工作参数设计提供参考。

Mechanical harvest of highland barley had problems of high loss rate and impurity content.In order to improve cleaning quality of mechanical harvest of highland barley,physical properties and suspension characteristics of each component of threshing materials of highland barley were tested and analyzed.Suspension velocity of grain,awn,glume,broken ear,short stem and broken leaf in threshing material of highland barley was measured by air blowing agricultural material cleaning suspension velocity measuring device,which were 7.07-12.51,1.29-4.08,2.23-6.32,1.82-8.16,1.29-3.65 m/s,respectively.Single factor and orthogonal tests were carried out with wind speed of centrifugal fan,angle of fan,frequency of vibrating screen and amplitude of vibrating screen as test factors.Results showed that when the best combination of test factors was wind speed 8.5 m/s,wind direction 35°,vibrating screen amplitude 30 mm and frequency 190 r/min,cleaning rate was97.32%and loss rate was 3.73%.This test could provide reference for design of structural parameters and working parameters of cleaning device of highland barley combine harvester.