基于治未病的中药药物警戒理论和实践思考

Pharmacovigilance of traditional Chinese medicine according to theory of preventive treatment of disease

"治未病"是我国中医学的一大特点和优势,是中医理论体系最具影响力的理论之一,其核心是"未病先防""已病防变""病后防复",有"防微杜渐""截断扭转"等防治理念。而中药药物警戒思想是该课题组通过挖掘、梳理大量古籍文献,提出了传统中医药"识毒-用毒-防毒-解毒"的警戒思想理论框架,是我国历代医药学家行医用药经验的精华浓缩,具有丰富的前瞻性预防理念,基于它的"防范与未然"以及"杜绝药源性疾病"发生的出发点,它与"治未病"的思想不谋而合。该文拟从"治未病"角度对中药药物警戒理论和实践思考,以期为临床安全用药提供参考。不仅对于临床中存在的由药物自身、患者机体及临床用药等因素引发的药物警戒问题,提出"施药嘱、重监护、防生变""计长远、病防变、延进展""护正气、控内乱、防复发"等中药药物警戒实践措施,而且说明了中药药物警戒是治未病的重要组成部分,是临床安全合理用药的重要保障,有利于保护和促进人民健康,提高人们的生活质量。

"Preventive treatment of disease"is one of the characteristics and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine.It is the most influential theory of traditional Chinese medicine.The core of the theory is"pre-prevention before disease","prevention of disease from progress"and"prevention of recovery after disease",and the prevention concepts are"prevention of disease from deve-lopment"and"blockage and reversal".Based on the analysis of large numbers of ancient books,we put forward the overall pharmacovigilance theoretical frame that is composed of toxicity cognition,application,prevention and detoxification.With rich prospective prevention,the pharmacovigilance theory of traditional Chinese medicine was the essence of drug use experience in China for thousands of years.It coincides with the idea of preventing disease with precautions and preventing the occurrence of drug-induced diseases.This article intends to consider the theory and practice of pharmacovigilance of Chinese medicine from the"preventive treatment of disease",in order to provide reference for clinical safety medication.It has puts forward the practical measures of pharmacovigilance of traditional Chinese medicine,such as giving medical advice,paying attention to monitoring,preventing biological change,planning for the long term,preventing disease from changing,delaying the disease progress,protecting vital Qi,controlling internal disorder and preventing recurrence.It also indicated that pharmacovigilance of traditional Chinese medicine is an important part of the"preventive treatment of disease",and an important guarantee for the safe and rational use of medicines in clinical practice,which is conducive to protecting and promoting people’s health and improving people’s quality of life.