大戟科瑶族药品种与标准整理

Variety and standard arrangement of Yao medicine in Euphorbiaceae

通过对瑶族医药专著进行考证,系统整理和分析了大戟科瑶族药材(下称瑶药)名称、基原、药用部位、功效及标准,结果发现有的药材在不同文献记载中的品种名称、基原、药用部位、功效等存在较大差异。大戟科瑶药共19属60种(含变种),涉及50个药材品种,其中,单基原的有42种,多基原的8种,28种以根入药,26种全株可入药,瑶药特有25种,占50%,与中药材交叉11种,占22%,在各级药材标准中收载的有21种,但老班药仅1种,瑶药标准2种。大戟科瑶药可以瑶族语言(下称瑶语)/瑶语音译/汉文名、"老班药"、植物形态、药材性状、药物的颜色和气味等方式进行命名,而同一药材名的药用部位和功效均与中药药用部位不尽相同。因此,瑶药大戟科中药材品种的名称、基原尚不规范,质量标准尚不健全,急需进行规范和加强。以上大戟科瑶药的品种整理结果为构建和完善质量标准体系,促进药材生产和临床用药规范及进一步开发利用大戟科瑶药提供参考依据。

The names,basic sources,medicinal parts,efficacy and standards of the medicinal materials in Euphorbiaceae were systematically collated and analyzed by the textual research for Yao medicine monographs in this paper.The results showed that there were great differences in the names,basic sources,medicinal parts and efficacy of some medicinal materials recorded in different literatures.There were 19 genera and 60 species(including varieties)of Euphorbiaceae of Yao medicine,involving 50 kinds of medicinal materials.Among them,there were 42 kinds of single basic sources medicine,8 kinds of multi basic sources medicine,28 kinds of root medicine,26 kinds of whole plant medicine,25 kinds of unique Yao medicine,accounting for 50%,11 kinds of cross with Chinese medicinal materials,accounting for 22%.There were 21 kinds of Yao medicine standards at all levels,but only 1 kind of Laoban medicine and 2 kinds of Yao medicine standards.The Yao medicine in Euphorbiaceae could be named by means of transliteration of Yao language/Yao language transliteration/Chinese medicine name,Laoban medicine,plant morphology,medicinal properties,color and smell of medicine,while the medicinal parts and efficacy of the same medicinal name were different from those of traditional Chinese medicine.Therefore,the name and basic sources of the medicinal materials in Euphorbiaceae were not standardized,and the quality standard is not perfect.The above results provided a reference for the construction and improvement of quality standard system,the promotion of the production of medicinal materials and clinical medication standards,and the further development and utilization of Euphorbiaceae.