祁术的本草考证

Herbal Textual Research on Qizhu

祁术为菊科植物白术Atractylodes macrocephala野生品的干燥根茎,是现代优质野生白术的代表。笔者通过历代本草和现代研究的考证,系统比较祁术和古代白术的用药方式,聚焦七大关键问题,系统总结了祁术的药用历史、性状、栽培、采收、加工、炮制、等级划分方法及其功效等相关内容,为恢复和发展历史道地药材祁术提供依据,进而服务于祁术的产业发展。祁术的名称、采收时间、加工方法、优质性状等经历了一个复杂的演变过程。目前,公认的观点认为①祁术的分布范围为安徽长江以南地区及其周边区域;②采收时间为10月下旬;③干燥方法为阴干或吸水纸包好微热烘干,可分选为2种规格的商品;④除切制外,尚缺其他炮制方法;⑤优质性状包括"鹤颈,如意形"及白净、少油、气香味甜、不可酸败或发霉;⑥祁术作为道地药材的历史可追溯至明代。

Qizhu,the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala in Compositae family,is the representative wild variety of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(Baizhu)with modern excellent quality.Through textual research of materia medica works and modern studies,the medication methods between Qizhu and ancient Baizhu were systematically compared.Focusing on seven key issues,this paper systematically summarized the medicinal history,characters,cultivation and other related contents of Qizhu,in order to provide a basis of Qizhu in the recovery and development of its own Daodi-status,and further serve the industrial development of this herb.The name,harvesting time,processing method and other issues had undergone a relatively complicated evolution process.At present,acknowledged points are as following:①The distribution areas of Qizhu include southern areas of the Yangtze River in Anhui province and its surrounding regions.②Harvesting time is late October.③Qizhu can be dried in the shade or micro-hot dried after being wrapped with absorbent paper,later it can be divided into two commercial specifications.④In addition to cutting,there is still a lack of other processing methods.⑤The superior characters of Qizhu contain white,less oil,fragrant smell and sweet taste and so on.⑥The history of Qizhu as a genuine medicinal material can be traced back to the Ming dynasty.