基于景观格局的黑河中游土地利用冲突时空分析

The Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Land Use Conflict in the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River Based on Landscape Pattern

以黑河中游为研究区,在分析土地利用变化的基础上,构建了由外部压力、脆弱性和稳定性表征土地利用冲突强度的模型,分析了1980—2015年土地利用冲突的时空变化特征。结果表明:①土地利用冲突强度的空间分布在不同时期虽有不同,但冲突强度较高的区域集中在甘州、临泽2个人类活动较为活跃的区县,且指数最高的区域呈围绕城市四周分布的特点;②土地利用冲突在不同时期变化显著,1995—2005年是土地利用冲突强度增加较为明显的时段,中部的甘州区、南部的山丹县两地增加最为明显;2005—2015年虽然冲突强度增大区域的面积少于上一时段,但冲突增加幅度高于上一时段,尤其民乐县和高台县增加较为明显;③土地利用冲突与自然因素的相关性极弱,与道路和河流等用地条件的相关性较强,而与人口密度和GDP为代表的社会经济因素的相关性最强;④土地利用冲突与土地利用变化的阶段性特征一致,1995—2000年是土地利用变化程度最为剧烈的时期,而1995—2005年也是土地利用冲突面积增加最多的时段;耕地和建设用地的增长极为活跃,对生态用地产生侵占,反映了耕地、建设用地和生态用地三者之间的矛盾是黑河中游土地利用冲突的主要表现形式。

With the development of society and economy,the demand of land use is diversified,and the land resources are becoming more and more scarce,which makes the emergence of land use conflict inevitable.Land use conflict has aggravated the contradiction among economic,ecological and social benefit,and has become an important factor to restrict the sustainable utilization of land.Based on the analysis of land use change in the middle reaches of the Heihe River,this study used external pressure,vulnerability and stability to construct a model of land use conflict intensity,and then analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of land use conflict in the past 35 years.The results showed:1)The spatial distributions of land use conflict intensity were different in different periods,but high conflict intensity concentrated in Ganzhou and Linze,where the human activities were active.The areas with high conflict were distributed around cities.2)The changes of land use conflict varied significantly in different periods.From 1995 to 2005,the intensity of land use conflict increased obviously,with the most obvious increase in Ganzhou and Shandan.In 2005-2015,although the area of the increased conflict intensity was less than the previous period,the increased degree of conflict was higher than that in the previous period,especially in Minle and Gaotai.3)Land use conflict was weakly correlated with natural factors,but it was strongly correlated with land use conditions such as roads and rivers,and had the strongest correlation with social and economic factors represented by population density and GDP.4)The stage characteristics of land use conflict and land use change were consistent.1995-2000 was the period of most drastic land use change,and 1995-2005 was the period during which the area of land use conflict increased the most.The growth of cultivated land and construction land was very active,resulting in the encroachment of ecological land.It reflected that the contradiction among cultivated land,construction land and ecological land was the main form of land use conflict in the middle reaches of the Heihe River.The results can be used as a reference for land spatial planning and sustainable land use management in arid areas.