气候行动之负排放技术:经济评估问题与中国应对建议

Negative Emissions Technologies to Address Climate Change:Economic Assessment Issues and China's Response

为了实现应对气候变化《巴黎协定》温控目标,几乎所有排放路径都不同程度依赖负排放技术(NETs)的大规模应用。负排放技术不仅关乎全球气候治理和生态安全,还可能成为未来科技竞争的新领域。本文从气候变化经济学视角,辨析负排放技术、二氧化碳移除(CDR)以及二氧化碳移除的基于自然的解决方案(NbS CDR)等概念,重点剖析负排放技术和策略经济分析的基本框架,阐述负排放技术的成本收益评估、负排放策略与减缓和适应措施不同的经济学属性以及应对气候变化与可持续发展目标协同视角下包含负排放方案的气候—经济综合评估模型(IAM)的构建思路,提出中国在全球气候治理和生态文明建设中应对负排放议题的几点建议。

To achieve the temperature control targets of the Paris Agreement,almost all emission pathways rely on the large-scale application of Negative Emission Technologies(NETs)with varying degrees.NETs are not only related to global climate governance and ecological security,but also may become a new field of technological competition in the future.From the perspective of climate-change economics,this paper analyzes the concepts of NETs,Carbon Dioxide Removal(CDR),and Nature-based Solutions CDR(NbS CDR).It mainly focuses on the basic framework of NETs and the strategic economic analysis,including the cost-benefit assessment of NETs,as well as the different economic attributes of negative emission strategies,mitigation and adaptation.In addition,it proposes the insights of a climate change Integrated Assessment Model(IAM)that includes NETs from the perspective of cooperating with climate change and sustainable development goals.Then,it puts forward some suggestions for China to cope with negative emission issues in global climate governance and the construction of ecological civilization.