论疫情背景下个人信息保护——以比例原则为视角

On the Protection of Personal Information in the Context of Epidemic: From the Perspective of Proportion Principle

疫情背景下,包括患者、疑似患者及密切接触者在内的个人信息的收集与利用对疫情防控与社会情绪的稳定具有重要作用。在个人信息的处理过程中,难免侵害公民的信息隐私权,同意原则难以作为收集、利用公民个人信息的合法事由。疫情防控符合公共利益,为维护公共利益而损害公民信息隐私权具体的行为是否具有合法性的判定,需要引入比例原则予以检视。比例原则要求以防疫为目的而收集、利益个人信息的行为,应满足目的限定原则及数据最小化原则。在衡量信息隐私与公共利益时,需要明确信息隐私权的公共利益属性及其社会价值,避免信息隐私权在与公共利益衡量时毫无招架之力的现象。

in the context of epidemic,the collection and use of personal information,including patients,suspected patients and close contacts,plays an important role in epidemic prevention and control and social emotional stability.In the process of information processing,citizens’right to information privacy is inevitably infringed,and the principle of consent is difficult to be used as a legitimate reason for collecting and using citizens’personal information.The prevention and control of the epidemic conforms to the public interest,and it is necessary to introduce the principle of proportionality to examine whether specific behaviors that damage citizens’information privacy for the purpose of safeguarding the public interest are legitimate.The principle of proportionality requires that the behavior of collecting and benefiting personal information for the purpose of epidemic prevention should meet the principle of goal limitation and the principle of data minimization.When weighing information privacy and public interest,it is necessary to clarify the public interest attribute and social value of information privacy right,so as to avoid the phenomenon that information privacy right has no defense when weighing information privacy right and public interest.