牛源大肠杆菌研究进展

Advances in Escherichia coli of bovine origin

牛源大肠杆菌是引起奶牛乳房炎、子宫内膜炎和犊牛腹泻等疾病的主要病原菌之一,给全球养牛业造成巨大的经济损失。牛源大肠杆菌属于环境病原菌,粪便是其污染的主要来源,其检出率的高低与环境污染程度有很大关系。近些年随着养牛业集约化的发展,由大肠杆菌引起的奶牛乳房炎、子宫内膜炎和犊牛腹泻等疾病的发病率呈逐年上升趋势。尤其是在治疗方面,由于抗生素不规范的使用,造成牛源大肠杆菌耐药问题频发,给该病的治疗造成困难,严重威胁人类食品卫生及公共卫生安全。为了有效预防和控制牛源大肠杆菌性疾病的流行,对牛源大肠杆菌的致病性、致病因子、血清型、耐药性、耐药机制及分离鉴定技术等方面进行综述,同时对未来研究方向和前景进行展望,以期为今后更好地防控牛源大肠杆菌性疾病提供理论基础和参考。

Escherichia coli of bovine origins is a part of the main pathogens causing cow mastitis,endometritis and calf diarrhea,which causes huge economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide.Bovine E.coli is an environmental pathogen,and the feces is the main source of its pollution.E.coli contamination rate is highly related to the degree of environmental pollution.With the development of intensive farming in dairy cattle industry in recent years,the incidence of diseases caused by E.coli such as cow mastitis,endometritis,and calf diarrhea is increasing year by year.Especially in terms of treatment,the abuse of antibiotics has caused serious antimicrobial resistance problems with bovine-derived E.coli,resulting in difficulties in the treatment of the disease and seriously threatening human food hygiene and public health.In order to effectively prevent and control of the prevalence of bovine-derived E.coli,this article reviews the isolation,identification,pathogenicity,pathogenic factors,serotypes,drug resistance,and vaccine development of E.coli from cows.Moreover,the future research direction and prospect are prospected,with a view to provide a theoretical basis for better prevention and containment of bovine-derived E.coli disease.