黄连化学成分及小檗碱药理作用研究进展

Research progress on chemical compositions of Coptidis Rhizoma and pharmacological effects of berberine

黄连为临床常用的清热解毒药,始载于《神农本草经》,列为上品。传统中医将其用于湿热痞满、呕吐吞酸、泻痢、痈疽疮毒、心火亢盛等。目前从黄连中分离鉴定出的化学成分共133种,按照结构类型的差异简单将其分为生物碱类(44种)、木脂素类(32种)、黄酮类(9种)、苯丙酸及其衍生物类(26种)和其他化合物(22种)。现代研究表明,小檗碱是黄连最重要的活性成分之一,具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗胃溃疡等药理作用,还在降糖、降血脂、抗肿瘤以及抗心脑血管疾病方面发挥着重要的作用。该文对黄连化学成分进行总结,并对其主要活性成分小檗碱药理作用进行综述,以期为黄连及小檗碱的深入研究、开发和临床应用提供参考。

Coptidis Rhizoma was a commonly used antipyretic and dampening drug in clinic,which was first recorded in the Shennong′s Herbal Classic of Materia Medica and which was listed as one of the highest grade herb in traditional Chinese medicine.Traditionally,Coptidis Rhizoma was used to treat dampness with distention and fullness,vomiting with acid regurgitation,acne,heartbum,etc.At present,a total of 133 chemical components have been isolated and identified from Coptidis Rhizoma,which can be divided into alkaloids(44 species),lignans(32 species),flavonoids(9 species),phenylpropionic acid and its derivatives(26 species)and other compounds(22 species)according to the differences in structure types.Modern studies have shown that berberine is one of the most important active composition of Coptidis Rhizoma,which not only has an effect on the antibacterial,antiviral and anti-gastric ulcer,but also plays a vital role in reducing blood sugar,lowering blood fat,anti-tumor and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The chemical constituents of Coptidis Rhizoma and pharmacological effects of berberine were reviewed in this study,which was expected to provide references for the further research,development of and clinical application of Coptidis Rhizoma and berberine.