COVID-19发病机制的免疫特征

Immunologic features of the pathogenesis of COVID-19

新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)引发的COVID-19已蔓延至全世界,升级为国际突发公共卫生事件。COVID-19患者主要表现为呼吸系统症状,重症患者还可合并肺外多器官功能损伤。人体免疫系统可有效抵御病毒入侵,然而多项临床现象和病理解剖提示COVID-19患者病程中存在免疫应答失衡。免疫失衡和过度的炎症激活与COVID-19患者的疾病进展、不良预后密切相关。本文从机体固有免疫、适应性免疫、细胞因子风暴等角度综述了COVID-19患者发病过程中的免疫特征,以期阐述COVID-19免疫相关的发病机制,为临床预防及治疗COVID-19提供理论依据。

The worldwide COVID-19 outbreak caused by 2019-nCoV infection has been declared as a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization(WHO).COVID-19 patients usually present with respiratory symptoms,while severe cases could also have extrapulmonary organ damages.The immune system is essential in defending against viral infection.However,clinical features as well as pathological findings of COVID-19 suggest that 2019-nCoV infection might cause immune deficiency.It has been revealed that immune imbalance and hyper-inflammatory state in COVID-19 patients are closely associated with disease progression and poor outcomes.This review provided an update on immune responses in 2019-nCoV-infected patients including innate immunity,adaptive immunity and cytokine storm,aiming to elucidate the role of immune system in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment of COVID-19.