高速列车车轮多边形磨耗、机理、影响和对策分析

Characteristics,Mechanism,Influences and Countermeasures of Polygonal Wear of High-speed Train Wheels

简要地介绍我国高速列车车轮技术研究现状和应用情况,提出它们服役过程中出现的影响列车运行品质、安全运营和运输成本的几个主要问题,主要关心的是高速车轮非圆化或车轮多边形磨耗问题,简单介绍国内外对车轮多边形磨耗的研究现状以及对策。总结分析我国高速车轮多边形磨耗情况和特征,其显著特征是车轮多边形磨损凸显了2~3主波长的不均匀磨损,主要为偏心磨损(1阶)以及14~23边(14~23阶)磨损。确立车轮多边形磨耗诱发和快速发展的基本条件,发现在轮径变化的几个特殊阶段,如果满足这一基本条件的话,车轮多边形磨耗易快速发展。给出并简单讨论多边形磨损对车辆行为、轮轨附件冲击载荷、振动噪声和疲劳的影响。仔细讨论影响车轮多边形形成和快速发展的基本因素。论述若干种抑制多边形发展的对策,部分对策已经被现场运营经验所证明是十分有效的。提出多边形车轮维修策略和目前关键亟待开展的研究问题。

Briefly introduces the current situation of techniques and applications of China’s high-speed train wheels,and the several major problems influencing the operation quality,safe operation and transportation costs of high-speed trains.In these problems the most concerned one is the wheel out of roundness or called polygonal wear of wheel.The domestic and foreign researches the polygonal wear and its countermeasures are briefly reviewed.The situation and characteristics of polygonal wear of high-speed wheels of China are clearly classified and its characteristics shows that the polygonal wear includes 2 to 3 main wavelengths,they are respectively the eccentricity wear(called one-order polygonal wear),14-order and 23-order polygonal wear(called high-order polygons).A basic condition for the initiation and fast development of the polygonal wear is established.It is found that in several special stages of wheel diameter change the polygonal wear develops fast if the basic condition is satisfied.The effects of the polygonal wear on the dynamical behavior and noise of high-speed vehicle,the impact load of wheel/rail,and the fatigue of the parts are discussed briefly.The basic factors affecting the formation and rapid development of wheel polygons are discussed in detail.Several countermeasures to suppress the development of the polygonal wear are discussed,and some of them have been proved to be very effective in field operation experience.The paper also puts forward the maintenance strategy of the polygonal wear wheel and the key research problems that need to be carried out urgently at present.