形声字义符对范畴语义提取作用的理论分析

Theoretical Analysis and Prospect of Study on the Function of Semantic Symbols——Categorical Meaning Extraction of Phonograms

认知心理学家运用"两个网络系统""平行激活扩散"等理论,以实验手段证明了义符对汉字形声字所记范畴语义的提取具有促进或干扰的作用,义符与词义的一致性、义符的语义距离以及词频等是其中的影响因素。本文进一步探讨义符本身所具有的示意功能对这些因素的生成产生的影响,认为义符在造字时与形声字本义之间具有多样化的语义关系,在具体使用中义符与现行汉字形声字字义或者字形发生变化,用字环境下非形声字的干扰等,都使义符对形声字所记范畴语义提示和反映的能力产生差异,从而在现有的用字环境下呈现出不同的作用力,在此基础上为今后更深入开展相关心理学实验研究提出些许思路。

With the theories of Two Network Systems and Parallel Activation Diffusion,cognitive psychologists have proved experimentally that a semantic symbol has stimulative or interferential functions to the extraction of categorical meaning of Chinese phonogram.There are factors which have an effect on the experiment,such as the consistency of semantic symbols and word meaning,the gap between the semantic symbol and the word meaning,the word frequency and etc.The generation of these factors is going on with the schematic functions of semantic symbols.In the process of coinage,the semantic symbol relates to the original meaning of Chinese phonogram in various ways.The changes which occur in the uses of semantic symbols,word meanings or glyphs of current Chinese phonograms,and the interferences coming from the use of un-phonogram,will make the semantic symbols different in the suggestive and refective functions of the categorical meaning of Chinese phonograms.Therefore,semantic symbols will play different roles in the practical use of Chinese phonograms.Here we present some thoughts for the further study of psychological experiments dealing with this issue.