城市意象的变革——从战略战术层面分析法国里昂作为世界丝绸城市的复兴

An Analysis of a City Image Transformation,from Strategy to Tactics:The Revival of Lyon as an International Silk City

里昂作为法国的丝绸城市,在四个多世纪的时间里经历了三个重要阶段:1825年之后自动织机的推广使用开启了工业化时期;二战后,里昂丝绸虽然奢华,却面临来自合成纤维以及中国和日本的丝绸制品的竞争,经历了衰退期;2000年以来,得益于创新提升、技术革新和结构化的战略部署,里昂丝绸迎来了复兴。为了赋予“丝绸”一个既具影响力又有创造性的意象,一些经济参与者与里昂市政府联动,依靠里昂与中国的强力纽带优势制定了完整的战略体系。对于这一复杂且内容丰富的战略体系,我们既要分析其中的行动,又要分析行动者的策略。文章的宗旨不在于探讨里昂丝绸的历史及其变迁,抑或丝绸工人的抗议,而是要阐释里昂是如何将丝绸转变为一个21世纪的创意产业,尤其是要探讨这一战略所涉及的政治、经济、关系和象征意义等基本方面。

For more than four centuries Lyon has been the French city of silk and its history is marked with it through three important stages:the industrialization with automatic looms in 1825 and the following years;the decline of Lyon silk,luxurious but competed by synthetic fibers and Chinese and Japanese productions after the World War II;the revival since the 2000s thanks to the creativity and the technological innovation but also to a very structured strategy.To give the silk a powerful creative image,several economic players and the Metropolis of Lyon got mobilized,leaned on the strong links of Lyon with China and planned a very completed strategy.It is this strategy,complex and rich,that we shall analyze here by positioning us at the same time in the analysis of acts and in that of actors’strategies.The objective is not to tell exactly the history and the transformations of the silk or the revolt of the silk workers,but to show the way in which Lyon manages to turn silk into a creative industry in the 21st century,and to show quite particularly that this initiative involves several fundamental aspects:political,economic,relational and symbolic.