天麻种植对土壤微生物群落结构的影响分析

Effect of Gastrodia elata Planting on Soil Microbial Community Structure

目的分析不同生境种植天麻前后土壤微生物的群落结构变化,探讨土壤微生物对种植天麻的响应程度。方法对贵州大方和安徽金寨未种植天麻土壤(CK1和CK2),采收前天麻块茎周围土壤(GE1和GE2)和蜜环菌菌索周围土壤(AGE1和AGE2)进行ITS和16S rDNA测序分析。结果PCA主成分分析说明与对照土壤相比,种植天麻后土壤微生物发生较大改变。测序结果分析发现种植天麻使得土壤中真菌和细菌OTUs数目均有一定的增加。与对照土壤相比,贵州大方种植天麻后的土壤真菌和细菌群落的多样性及丰度均呈增加的趋势;安徽金寨种植天麻后的土壤真菌的多样性及丰度变化不大,土壤细菌群落丰度增加。二者土壤中土赤壳属Ilyonectria,硝化螺菌属Nitrospira的相对丰度显著升高,红菇属Russula的相对丰度显著降低;贵州大方土壤中镰刀菌属Fusarium,被孢霉属Mortierella的相对丰度显著增加。结论种植天麻后土壤微生物平衡被打破,并且土赤壳属Ilyonectria,镰刀菌属Fusarium等病原微生物丰度增加,推测与天麻病虫害有一定的相关性。

Objective To analyze the changes of soil microbial community structure before and after planting Gastrodia elata in different producing areas,and to investigate the response of soil microorganisms to the planting of G.elata.Method ITS and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technologies were used to detect fungal and bacterial community compositions in the soil,including the soil without planting G.elata(CK1,CK2),the soil around G.elata(GE1,GE2)before harvesting,and the soil around the rhizomorph of Armillaria(AGE1,AGE2)in Dafang,Guizhou and Jinzhai,Anhui respectively.Result Principal component analysis(PCA)showed that the soil microorganisms changed significantly after G.elata planting as compared with the control soil.The sequencing results showed that the planting of G.elata increased the OTUs number of fungi and bacteria.As compared with the control soil,the diversity and abundance of fungal and bacterial communities showed an increase trend after the cultivation of G.elata in soil of Dafang,Guizhou,such changes of fungal communities were not significant,but the abundance of soil bacteria communities increased in Jinzhai,Anhui as compared with the control soil.The abundance of genera Ilyonectria and Nitrospira increased,while genera Russula decreased significantly both in the soil of Guizhou and Anhui.Furthermore,the abundance of Fusarium and Mortierella increased significantly in the soil of Dafang,Guizhou.Conclusion The soil microorganisms were out of balance after planting of G.elata,and the abundance of pathogenic microorganisms such as Ilyonectria and Fusarium increased,which may be related to the plant diseases and insect pests of G.elata.