冲绳基地战略价值的变化与美日同盟的转型

The Strategic Value of the Okinawa Bases and the Transformation of the U.S.-Japan Alliance

冲绳美军基地是美日同盟的重要支柱,也是美国在西太平洋维持军事优势的战略要地。在70多年来的历史中,冲绳基地及其驻军的规模、结构和任务经历了重要的变化,但其战略价值始终受到重视。围绕冲绳基地的争议集中于海军陆战队,美国计划将其大部移驻关岛等地,日本则担心此举会削弱美军威慑力。近年来,美国的全球战略先后转向反恐战争和大国竞争,其基地政策随之走向分散化、小型化,冲绳基地的战略价值和美日同盟的分工也由此发生重大变化。当前和未来一段时间,应对所谓导弹威胁是美军的首要关切,美日会否在冲绳部署弹道导弹和巡航导弹,将对地区安全形势产生重要影响。

The American military bases in Okinawa is a crucial pillar of the U.S.-Japan alliance and a strategic asset for the United States to maintain its military advantages in the Western Pacific.The scale,structure and roles of the U.S.forces based in Okinawa have endured significant changes in the past seventy years,but their strategic value has always been highly appreciated.The controversy over Okinawa bases centers on the U.S.Marine Corps,a large part of which is to be relocated to Guam and other places.Japan fears that such relocation could weaken American deterrence.In recent years the American global strategy focuses firstly on the War on Terror and then on great-power competition,which leads to an emphasis on geographically distributed and smaller bases.Accordingly,the strategic value of the Okinawa bases and the labor division of the U.S.-Japan alliance have been undergoing profound changes.For now and the near future the United States is primarily concerned about the so-called missile threat posed by China.Whether America and Japan will deploy ballistic and cruise missiles on the Okinawa island to deter China is a question that can have grave consequences for regional security.