全球滑雪产业发展态势及产业效率特征分析

Analysis on the Development Trend And Industrial Efficiency Characteristics of Global Ski Industry

采集2012-2018全球滑雪产业数据,运用数据包络分析(DEA)等方法,对全球滑雪产业发展态势及其产业效率特征进行分析。研究表明:1)全球整体发展态势表现为,滑雪场数量呈增长态势,但增长幅度在放缓,且增加的滑雪场主要以中、小规模为主;新增滑雪者多为“单次体验型”的初级滑雪者;滑雪产业跨国市场已由增长态势转为下滑趋势。2)区域发展态势表现为,滑雪场数量快速增长存在区域更替现象;全球滑雪者数量增长主要得益于美洲和亚太两个区域;阿尔卑斯地区仍然是全球最具吸引力的滑雪胜地;入境滑雪人次下滑是导致全球滑雪人次下滑的重要原因。3)产业效率总体特征表现为,全球滑雪产业的综合效率虽然呈提高态势,但整体还处于较低水平;纯技术效率和规模效率的DEA非有效,共同导致了全球滑雪产业较低的综合效率水平。4)各国滑雪产业效率可分为四种类型,即“双高型”、“低技术高规模型”、“双低型”、“高技术低规模型”。

Global ski industry data of 2012-2018 is collected,then data envelopment analysis(DEA)and other methods are used to analyze its trend as well as industrial efficiency and characteristics.The result shows that:1)Over global scale,the number of ski resorts is increasing but the growth rate is slowing down,with increasing ski resorts mainly small and medium-sized.The new skiers are mostly“single experience”junior skiers.As a whole,ski industry's multinational market has turned from growth to a downward trend.2)Over regional scale,there is a rapid growth of ski resorts,mainly due to the developments in the two regions of Americas and Asia Pacific.Alps is still the most attractive ski resort.The decline in incoming skiing is the main reason for global decline.3)The efficiency of global ski industry is improving,but the overall level is still low.The DEA indicates that the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency are not high,together leading to the lower overall efficiency of global ski industry.4)Regarding the overall efficiency of different countries,four types can be divided,namely“double high”,“low technology and high scale”,“double low”and“high technology and low scale”.