“知假买假”行为的经济法规制

Regulating“Buying Fake Products on Purpose”by Economic Law

针对“知假买假”行为这一社会现象,必须精准明晰其法律属性方以规制。通过对司法政策的梳理与学界观点分析可知,“知假买假”行为适用惩罚性赔偿条款的主要分歧在于是否混淆了私法与公法的界限、牟利的主观动机是否影响对索赔正当化的判断、公权规制是否为唯一出路、消费者身份认定与应否获得惩罚性赔偿的关系。基于经济学的利益溢出效应以及“知假买假”行为的影响认定可以解决这些分歧。该文采用谦抑规制的理念,提出通过限制适用情形和范围、按照违法程度区分处罚标准、设立联席会议机制等3条路径予以规制。

As for the social problem of“buying fake products on purpose”,it is necessary accurately define its legal nature so as to regulate it.Through sorting the judicial policies and analyzing the academic viewpoints,it is found out that the difference in the application of provisions of punitive damages for“buying fake products on purpose”lies in the conditions whether the boundary between private law and public law is confused,whether the objective motive of profit-making influences the judging of justification of lodging claims,whether the regulation by public rights is the only way out,whether the consumers′identity determination is related to“deserve punitive damages”.In view of this,benefit spillover effect of economics and identifying the impact of“buying fake products on purpose”can be used to explain the difference.It is proposed to regulate“buying fake products on purpose”by adopting the regulating idea of modesty and restraint,confining the application situation and scope,differentiating punishment criterion according to the degree of law violation,establishing a mechanism of joint conference,etc.