基于喷雾干燥法的聚氨酯-植物蜡相变微胶囊的制备及其在纺织品上的应用研究

Preparation of PU-Vegetable Wax Phase Change Microcapsules Based onSpray Drying Method and Its Application in Textiles

针对目前制备相变微胶囊时存在的耗时长、效率低和成本高等难点,提出通过喷雾干燥法制备植物蜡相变微胶囊,并将其应用于制备蓄热调温纺织品。优化喷雾干燥法制备相变微胶囊的工艺,分析相变微胶囊的热性能,探究涂层整理所得蓄热调温纺织品的潜热值、透气性、调温性能、手感和耐水洗性。结果表明:当植物蜡与聚氨酯配比为2∶1,乳化时间为40 min,乳化速率为10000 r/min,进出口温度分别为180℃和113℃时,经喷雾干燥可制备得到球形良好、粒径为12μm,相变温度为27.01℃,潜热值为98.48 J/g,分解温度为255℃的相变微胶囊;随涂层整理液中相变微胶囊含量的增加,整理后棉织物的潜热值不断增加,但透气性逐渐降低;当相变微胶囊质量分数为20%时,可制备得到相变温度为27.15℃、潜热值为16.12 J/g、透气性为130 L/(m^2·s)、在25~27℃范围内具有显著调温性能、手感和耐水洗性良好的蓄热调温棉织物。本研究为喷雾干燥法制备相变微胶囊提供了新的思路。

Aiming at the difficulties in the current preparation of phase change microcapsules,such as long time consumption,low efficiency and high cost,this paper proposes to prepare vegetable wax phase change microcapsules by spray drying method and apply it in the preparation of thermal storage and temperature regulation textiles.The process of preparing phase change microcapsules by spray drying method was optimized,and the thermal properties of phase change microcapsules were analyzed.Meanwhile,the potential heat value,air permeability,temperature regulation performance,hand feeling and washing resistance of thermal storage and temperature regulation textiles obtained by coating finishing were investigated.The results showed that phase change microcapsules with a good spherical shape,a particle diameter of 12μm,the phase change temperature of 27.01℃,the potential heat value of 98.48 J/g,and the decomposition temperature of 255℃could be obtained by spray drying method under the following conditions:ratio of vegetable wax to polyurethane 2∶1,the emulsification time 40 min,emulsification rate 10000 r/min,the inlet and outlet temperatures 180℃and 113℃,respectively.As the content of phase change microcapsules in the coating finishing solution increased,the potential heat value of the finished fabric increased continuously,but the air permeability gradually decreased.When the mass fraction of phase change microcapsules was 20%,the thermal storage and temperature regulation textiles with the phase change temperature of 27.15℃,the potential heat value of 16.12 J/g,the air permeability of 130 L/(m^2·s),significant temperature regulation function,good hand feeling and washing resistance in the range of 25~27℃.This study provides new ideas for preparing phase change microcapsules by spray drying.