我国自然资源资产收益分配的突出问题及改革路径

The Outstanding Problems and Reform Paths on Natural Resource Assets Income Distribution in China

关于自然资源资产产权制度的有效性,改革完善自然资源资产收益分配制度,对促进社会公平正义和自然资源资产收益的全民共享具有重要的实践价值。文章针对我国自然资源资产收益分配机制不完善、收益格局不合理的问题,从政府与企业之间、政府职能部门之间以及中央和地方政府之间三个维度,深入分析其表现和成因,并从自然资源资产租税费联动平衡利益分配机制、转变政府自然资源资产职能和调整中央与地方利益格局方面,提出理顺我国自然资源资产收益分配机制的改革措施。具体包括:建立自然资源所有者得到合理租金、企业得到合理报酬的收益管理制度;校准自然资源主管部门职能,提供以制度和准则为表现形式的公共产品和服务;发挥市场机制的主导作用,加强政府间自然资源资产管理职责划分,改变自然资源租税向地方政府倾斜的分配格局。

Natural resource assets income distribution system is vital for natural resource assets rights.Aimed at the problems of imperfect income distribution mechanism and unreasonable income pattern of natural resource assets in China,from the three perspectives between government and enterprise,between government functional departments,and between central and local governments,this article analyzes its performance and causes in depth,and discusses reform measures in China as follows:rationalizing the distribution of natural resource asset income,in the aspects of natural resources asset rent,tax and fee linkage to balance the benefit allocation mechanism,transforming the government’s natural resource asset function,and adjusting the central and local interest patterns.