国际政治中的外交礼宾特例研究

Researchon Exceptional Cases of Diplomatic Protocolin International Politics

世界上形成了一套为绝大多数国家承认、接受与践行的外交礼宾礼仪规范,它们为促进国家间的和谐交往、减少摩擦与冲突做出了贡献。然而,外交实践中存在着一些不符合甚至违背外交礼宾规范的现象,即礼宾特例。本文聚焦于以礼宾升格与降格为主要形式的礼宾特例,尝试挖掘它们背后的原因。根据研究发现,外交礼宾升格与降格反映着国际体系力量的变化、国家间关系的亲疏;反映着一国内政与外交的关联及内政对外交的影响;通过微观个体实施的礼宾升格与降格还受到领导者人格特质的影响,尤其是拥有特殊人格的领导者;最后,礼宾特例还是发送外交信号、展现外交意图的较好工具,具有正常的礼宾规范无法替代的作用。

A set of diplomatic protocol norms recognized,accepted and practiced by most countries have been formed in the world.They have contributed to promoting harmonious communication and reducing friction and conflict among countries.However,there are some phenomena that do not conform to or even violate the general protocol norm in diplomatic practice,namely,the protocol exceptional cases.This paper focuses on the exceptional cases of protocol in the form of upgrading and downgrading of protocol and tries to explore the reasons behind them.According to the study,the upgrading and downgrading of protocol reflects the changes in the power of the international system and the closeness of relations between nations,and the relationship between the internal affairs with diplomacy of a country and the influence of internal affairs on diplomacy.The upgrading and downgrading of protocol implemented by micro-individuals are also affected by the personality of leaders,especially those with special personalities.Finally,the exceptional protocol case is a better tool to send diplomatic signals and show diplomatic intentions,which can’t be replaced by normal protocol.