东北三省人居环境气候舒适度评价

Evaluation of Climate Comfort Level of Human Settlements in Three Northeastern Provinces

本文基于东北三省1980~2019年气象站点的各气象要素基础数据,依据《人居环境气候舒适度评价标准》,借助SPSS、ArcGIS等工具,通过计算温湿指数和风效指数对东北三省人居环境舒适度时空规律进行评价。结果表明:(1)从宏观布局来看,东北三省冬季整体变化趋势分为东北—西南走向和西北—东南走向两部分;(2)从具体的省级行政区以及地级市来看,东北三省及其地级市区域在春、秋、冬三个季节整体上在舒适度等级方面呈现为1级,感受程度为寒冷层级。在夏季6~8月份舒适度等级为3级,感受程度为舒适层级;(3)从年变化趋势来看,6~8月目前舒适度等级仍为3级,是一年中人居环境气候舒适度最适宜的时间段;(4)从年际变化趋势来看,温湿指数整体波动幅度较大,2000年出现最低值,2010年以前呈现似周期性波动,其后至今上升幅度明显增大。风效指数整体波动上升,变化幅度较平缓。

In this paper,based on the three northeastern provinces in 1980 to 2019 weather stations of various meteorological elements based data,on the basis of the living environment of climate comfort evaluation standard,with the aid of SPSS and ArcGIS tool,by calculating the temperature humidity and wind effect index of the three northeast provinces living environment comfort space-time rule to evaluate.The results show that:(1)from the point of macroscopic layout,the overall trend is divided into the northeast three provinces in northeast winter-southwest and northwest-southeast to the two parts;(2)from the perspective of specific provincial-level administrative regions and prefecture-level cities,the three provinces of northeast China and their prefecture-level cities generally have a level 1 comfort level in spring,autumn and winter,and a degree of cold feeling.From June to August in summer,the comfort level is level 3,and the feeling level is comfort level;(3)from the perspective of annual change trend,the current comfort level from June to August is still level 3,which is the most appropriate time for the comfort level of human settlements in a year;(4)from the perspective of the interannual variation trend,the overall temperature and humidity index fluctuated at a large range.The lowest value appeared in 2000,and it appeared as a cyclical fluctuation before 2010.Since then,the rising range has increased significantly.The overall fluctuation of wind efficiency index increased,and the range of change was relatively flat.