风险社会的新向度:新冠肺炎疫情的理论透视

The New Dimension of Risk Society:Theoretical Perspective of the COVID-19 Pandemic

新冠肺炎疫情作为当下重大的全球性公共卫生问题,对世界各国人民的生命安全、经济与社会发展都带来巨大风险,引起了学术界对新冠肺炎疫情风险及其特质的广泛关注与研究。事实上,基于经典风险社会理论对风险及其特征的透析,可以看出新冠肺炎疫情风险与工业社会背景下的技术性风险大不相同。新冠肺炎疫情作为当前风险社会的注解,虽仍显露出与以往社会风险的共性,即人为性、制度化、结构化,但也出现了前所未有的新向度,即风险爆发的非技术选择性、风险延宕的社会体制性、风险外延的跨区域性。面对这种风险新向度,各国应该齐心协力应对新冠肺炎疫情风险,树立风险常态化意识;同时注意防范次生风险,推进疫情常态化背景下健康社会的建设;充分应用中国的制度优势推进综合性社会治理与个体风险预防与化解;关注风险动态性变化,加强社会治理的动态性,为防范当下风险社会的新向度风险做好准备工作。

As a major global public health issue,the COVID-19 pandemic has brought huge risks to the life safety,economic and social development around the world,and has aroused extensive attention and research on the risks and characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic in the academic circle.In fact,according to the thorough analysis of these risks and characteristics based on the classic risk society theory,it can be seen that the risks of COVID-19 are quite different from the technical risks in the context of industrial society.As an explanation of the current risk society,the COVID-19 pandemic shows the commonality with previous social risks,namely,artificial,institutionalized,and structured features,but it also reveals its unprecedented new dimension,namely,the non-technical selectivity of risk outbreaks,social institutional features in the procrastination of risks,cross regional nature of risk extension.Confronted with these new risks dimensions,all countries should make concerted efforts to fight the COVID-19 risks and have the awareness of risk persistence;at the same time,guard against secondary risks and promote the construction of the healthy society under the context of normalization of the pandemic;make full use of China’s institutional advantages to promote the comprehensive social governance and individual risk prevention and mitigation;pay attention to the dynamic changes of risks,strengthen the dynamics of social governance,and make preparations for preventing the novel dimension risks in the current risk society.