乔化富士果园树形改造中树相参数对产量及品质的影响

Effects of the indexes of tree structure on yield and fruit quality in modifying Fuji apple tree form with vigour rootstock

【目的】确定苹果树形改造中特定阶段的最佳树相参数,为果园科学修剪提供科学依据.【方法】以20 a生乔化富士苹果树为试材,将主枝数设10个处理,侧枝数和长轴结果枝设置11个处理,研究其对平均株产、单果质量、果肉中可溶性固形物(TSS)和果皮中花色苷含量的影响.【结果】乔化富士树形改造中,主侧枝数量、长轴结果枝数量及长度均影响了树体产量和品质;主枝数5个、侧枝数20和22个、长轴结果枝数60个、长度172.4 cm时,苹果的株产(单枝产量)最高.苹果的单果质量随着主枝、侧枝、长轴结果枝数量的增加而降低,随着长轴结果枝长度的增加缓慢增大.主枝数3~5个、侧枝数10和17个、长轴结果枝40和55个,长度170.3、172.4及165.2 cm时,果肉中TSS含量最高.主枝3~5个、侧枝17个、长轴结果枝44和48个、长度170.3和172.4 cm时,果皮中花色苷含量达最高值;4指标中除花色苷与侧枝数、TSS与长轴结果枝长度间无相关关系外,其余指标均与4个树相参数显著相关(r=-0.97^-0.63).【结论】综合各指标,主枝数为4.2个、侧枝数为18.8个、长轴结果枝数量为45.1个、长轴结果枝长度为170.7 cm时,果园树体株产(单枝产量)、果个大小、果实的TSS含量以及果皮中花色苷含量均能达到相对较高的水平.

【Objective】To determine the optimum indexes of apple tree structure at specific age and provide theoretical basis for modifying tree form.【Method】The effects of different limb amounts with 10 treatment groups,branch amounts with 11 treatment groups,and longer fruit-bearing branch amounts with 11 treatment groups on the average yield,single fruit weight,total soluble solids(TSS)and total anthocyanin content were studied using 20-year-old Fuji apple tree with vigour rootstock.【Result】The limb and branch amounts,longer fruit-bearing branch amounts and length affected the fruit yield and quality of Fuji tree in modifying tree form.The highest yield(single branch)was observed when the limb amounts,branch amounts,and longer fruit-bearing branch amounts and length were 5,20 or 22,60,and 172.4 cm,respectively.The single fruit weight decreased with the increase of limb,branch and longer fruit-bearing branch amounts,but increased slowly with the increase of longer fruit-bearing branch length.TSS content reached the highest when limb amounts were 3 to 5,branch amounts were 10 and 17,longer fruit-bearing branch amounts were 40 and 55,and longer fruit-bearing branch length was 170.3 cm,172.4 cm and 165.2 cm.The total anthocyanin content was the highest when the limb amounts were 3 to 5,branch amounts were 17,longer fruit-bearing branch amounts were 40 and 48,and longer fruit-bearing branch length was 170.3 cm and 172.4 cm.Correlation analysis showed that the relationship between the four fruit quality indexes(the average yield,single fruit weight,TSS and total anthocyanin content)and the four indexes of tree structure were significant(r=-0.973^-0.632),except that between the total anthocyanin content and the branches amounts,or between TSS and longer fruit-bearing branch length.【Conclusion】The average yield,single fruit weight,TSS and the total anthocyanin content could reach a relatively optimal level when the 20-year-old apple trees have 4.2 limbs,18.8 branches,45.1 longer fruit-bearing branch with 170.7 cm length.