施氮时期对‘黑比诺’葡萄氮素吸收、分配及利用的影响

Effects of nitrogen application period on nitrogen absorption,distribution and utilization of‘Pinot Noir’grape

【目的】施氮时期对酿酒葡萄氮素吸收、分配及利用的影响,为河西走廊葡萄园合理施肥提供理论依据.【方法】以4年生酿酒葡萄‘黑比诺’(Vitis vinifera L.cv.Pinot Noir)为试材,应用15 N示踪技术分别在萌芽期(T 1)、新梢旺长期(T 2)、果实膨大期(T 3)和果实转色期(T 4)一次性施入速效氮肥,每株均匀沟施15 N-尿素10 g、普通尿素90 g.果实采收期将各处理植株样品整株解析,进行氮的分析测定.【结果】T 2施肥处理植株在果实成熟时氮素累积量最高,达32.0 g/株,各施肥处理植株,不同器官间以叶片氮素累积量最高.植株新梢、叶片和果实的15 N吸收征调能力在4个施肥处理间呈T 1>T 3>T 2>T 4,T 1、T 2和T 4施肥处理,植株叶的15 N吸收征调能力最低,N dff值分别为7.73%、3.52%、1.29%.不同施肥处理,植株各器官15 N分配率存在差异,其中T 2施肥处理中15 N分配率以营养器官最高、生殖器官最低,其值分别为72.3%和6.4%.此外,T 2施肥处理植株在果实成熟时15 N利用率最高,达17.77%.【结论】综合分析认为新梢旺长期是河西走廊酿酒葡萄园氮肥施用的最关键时期.

【Objective】To study the effects of nitrogen application period on nitrogen absorption,distribution and utilization of wine grapes,and provide a theoretical basis for the rational fertilization of vineyards in Hexi Corridor.【Method】4-year old wine grape(Vitis vinifera cv.Pinot Noir)was used as the test material,and 15 N tracer technology was used to apply rapidly-available nitrogen fertilizer at one time in bud burst stage(T 1),shoot elongation stage(T 2),berry expansion stage(T 3)and berry veraison stage(T 4).Each grape plant was evenly furrow applied with 10 g 15 N labeled urea and 90 g ordinary urea.During the fruit harvest period,the whole plant of each treatment was collected to measure the nitrogen related indexes.【Result】When the fruit matured,the nitrogen accumulation of plants in T 2 was the highest(32.0 g/plant).The nitrogen accumulation in leaf was the highest among different organs.15 N absorption and requisition capacity of the new shoots,leaves and fruits showed an order of T 1>T 3>T 2>T 4 among four treatments.In T 1,T 2 and T 4 treatments,the leaves had the lowest capacity of 15 N absorption and regulation,and the Ndff values were 7.73%,3.52%and 1.29%,respectively.There was a difference in the 15 N distribution rate of each organ among different fertilization treatments.In T 2 fertilization treatments,the 15 N distribution rate was the highest in vegetative organs(72.3%)and the lowest in reproductive organs(6.4%).15 N utilization rate in T 2 treatment was the highest(17.77%).【Conclusion】The most critical period of nitrogen fertilizer application in wine vineyards in Hexi corridor is the shoot elongation stage.