生物可吸收材料特点及在骨科中的应用

Characteristics and application of bioabsorbable materials in orthopedics

背景:生物可吸收材料在十几年的临床应用中展现了明显优势,在生物医学多个领域中得到广泛应用。目的:综述现阶段生物可吸收材料的特点及其在骨科中的应用进展。方法:应用计算机检索万方数据库、CNKI数据库、维普数据库和PubMed数据库中的相关文献,中文检索词为"生物可吸收材料、生物可吸收金属材料、生物可吸收无机材料、高分子材料、生物复合材料",英文检索词为"Bioabsorbable/Bioabsorbable material、Metal material、Polymer material、Biocomposites"。结果与结论:可吸收金属材料具有较好的机械性能;聚合物材料腐蚀机制明确,可以预测其在体内外腐蚀行为和腐蚀速率,但承重性能不如可吸收金属材料;生物陶瓷材料经过一定处理后具有良好的生物相容性、骨传导性及骨结合性,但脆性大且不易成型;生物复合材料不仅兼具组分材料的性质,还能获得单一组分材料所不具有的新性能,具有广泛的应用的前景。

BACKGROUND:Bioabsorbable materials have shown obvious advantages in clinical application for more than ten years,and have been widely used in many biomedical fields.OBJECTIVE:To review characteristics of bioabsorbable materials and their application in orthopedics.METHODS:The articles published in Wanfang,CNKI,VIP,and PubMed databases were searched by computer.The key words were"bioabsorbable materials,bioabsorbable metal materials,bioabsorbable inorganic materials,polymer materials,biocomposites"in Chinese,and"bioabsorbable/bioabsorbable material,metal material,polymer material,biocomposites"in English.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Absorbable metal materials have good mechanical properties.The corrosion mechanism of polymer materials is clear,which can predict the corrosion behavior and corrosion rate in vivo and in vitro,but its load-bearing performance is not as good as that of absorbable metal materials.After certain treatment,bioceramics have good biocompatibility,bone conductivity and osseointegration,but they are brittle and difficult to be formed.Biocomposites have the properties of component materials,and can also obtain new properties that single component materials do not have,so it has a wide application prospect.