废弃矿区生态修复的资源再利用价值评估——以徐州为例

Resource reuse valuation of ecological restoration in abandoned mining areas:A case study of Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province,China

矿产资源型城市废弃矿区生态修复的资源再利用及其价值评估是城市可持续发展研究的热点。本研究以徐州为例,对废弃矿区生态修复的资源再利用价值进行评估。在生态脆弱性评价的基础上,采用价值替代法评估废弃矿山生态修复抵御地质灾害能力的保险价值;基于生态修复前后土地覆盖时空变化分析,采用市场价格法和影子工程法,比较采石采矿宕口与采煤塌陷地两种废弃矿区生态修复对城市建设用地土地供应的增加、增值与环境价值效应,以及其他用地的生态系统服务价值。结果表明:代表性宕口废弃矿山的生态脆弱度指数为0.72,属高度脆弱,市区废弃矿区生态修复增加的防灾避险保险价值为26.61亿元,研究区宕口废弃矿区防灾避险安全受惠人口从修复前1540人增加到12290人,增加了6.98倍;2015年两类废弃矿区生态修复增加的各类建设用地总共为226.81 hm^2,折算成2015年增长的土地价值总共为17.78亿元;2015年废弃矿区的生态系统服务价值为8964万元,比2005年的6996万元增长28%;生态修复防灾避险与环境优化,不仅是废弃矿区资源再利用及其价值提升的主要方法,而且是实现矿产资源型城市可持续发展的重要途径。

Resource reuse valuation of ecological restoration in abandoned mining areas is one of the hotspots in urban sustainable development research.We assessed resource reuse value of ecological restoration in abandoned mining areas in Xuzhou City.Based on analysis of ecological vulnerability,we firstly estimated insured value of disaster prevention for eliminating geological disasters hidden troubles through ecological restoration.By analyzing the spatiotemporal change of land cover before and after ecological restoration,through market value method and shadow project method,we estimated supply increment,value-added benefits and environmental value effect of urban construction land in abandoned mining areas including abandon pits and coal mining subsidence,and ecosystem service value of other land types.The results showed that the ecological elasticity index of representational region is up to 0.72,which belongs to high fragility.As a result of ecological restoration,insured value of disaster prevention is 2.661 billion yuan in urban abandoned mining areas,the number of disaster prevention beneficiary group increased from 1540to 12290,with a growth rate of 698%.Land supply increment of urban construction land is226.81 hectares,with the value-added benefits of 1.778 billion yuan(price in 2015).Ecosystem services value of abandoned mining areas was 89.64 million yuan in 2015,a 28%increase compared to 69.96 million yuan in 2005.This study reveals that enhancing disaster prevention capability for eliminating geological disasters and optimizing environment through ecological restoration is the main way of resource reuse in abandoned mining areas,and an important path to achieve sustainable development in resources-based cities.