智能化生产条件下对“活劳动”范畴之反思

Reflection on Living Labor in Intelligent Production

21世纪以来,随着以大数据、人工智能为代表的新科技力量的出现和迅猛发展,生产形式、劳动范式、资本形态以及组织管理方式均发生了全新的变化。以无人工厂为代表的全新的智能化生产模式向传统马克思主义政治经济学的劳动价值论提出了新的挑战。面对可变资本在当代生产过程中不断减少这一现实,利润率与剩余价值率问题、资本的有机构成问题等经典理论都亟需进行进一步的思考与厘清。后福特制时代的生产特征意味着物质生产劳动与情感、合作、信息交流等非物质性要素的融合愈加紧密,机器与劳动者的二元对立关系在新的科技元素和生产特征中也开始走向人机结合,因此,对活劳动这一马克思主义政治经济学经典范畴的理解也需在坚持马克思主义基本方法论立场的基础上,对其概念内涵进行拓宽,将全新的智能化时代的劳动特性融入其中。

Since the beginning of 21st century,with the emergence and development of new technology represented by big data and artificial intelligence,new changes have taken place in production form,labor paradigm,capital form and organization and management mode.The new intelligent production mode poses a new challenge to the labor value theory of traditional Marxist political economics.The classic theories such as profit rate and residual value rate,and the organic composition of capital has to be clarified.The content of living labor needs to be broadened,so as to integrate the characteristics of the intelligent labor into it.