“禁止法官拒绝裁判”义务的规范构造

On the Normative Structure of“Prohibition on Denial of Justice”

“禁止法官拒绝裁判”义务导致法官陷入两难困境:不得拒绝裁判,但选择裁判又因法律规定不明晰而不知如何裁判。究其原因是该义务的规范构造不明确。通过分析可以发现,该义务的规范构造包含三个部分:其一,该义务的法理基础为禁止法官以规范不明晰为由拒绝裁判,以及以此为基础的三项内涵:职业伦理义务、依法裁判义务、进行法律解释与谨慎“造法”义务。其二,该义务受到实体(法外空间与立法沉默)与程序(驳回起诉状与起诉)两个方面的限制。其三,通过两种方案满足不得拒绝裁判之后的延伸要求,一者是内在要求方面,借助发展性法源与法律续造廓清规范不明晰问题;另一者是外在要求方面,融贯该义务与其外在限制的关系。

The obligation of“Prohibition on Denial of Justice”leads to the dilemma of the judge:he cannot refuse the judgment,but he does not know how to choose the judgment because of the unclear legal provisions.The reason is that the normative structure of the obligation is not clear.After theoretical and conceptual analysis,it is found that the normative structure of the obligation consists of three parts:first,the legal basis of the obligation is to prohibit the judge from refusing the judgment on the basis of unclear norms,and the three connotations based on the obligation:professional ethics obligation,the obligation to judge according to law,legal interpretation and the obligation to“create law”cautiously.Secondly,the obligation is limited by two aspects:entity and procedure.Third,there are two ways to realize the extension requirement after the judgment.One is the internal requirement,which is to clarify the unclear problem with the help of the development legal source and the legal continuation;the other is the external requirement,which is to integrate the relationship between the obligation and the external restriction.