解放初期中国城市的民生建设——以南京为例

The Livelihood Construction of Chinese Cities in the Early Days after the Liberation of China:A Case Study of Nanjing

1949年全国解放后,各大城市在被接管中都存在着大量的民生问题。党和政府通过制定灵活性的政策,开展多元化的举措,最终取得了积极的成效,积累了丰富的经验。南京作为当时的典型个案,是窥见新中国成立初期(1949-1956年)党在接管城市后如何成功领导解决民生问题的“橱窗”。南京解放后,存在着生产基本停滞、经济发展缓慢、社会秩序混乱、失业现象严重、基础设施破败、教育和医疗卫生事业落后等系列民生问题。为此,南京市军管会、南京市委和市政府,以新中国成立前后中国共产党的民生思想,特别是毛泽东同志的民生观为理论依据和指导思想,基于保障南京人民的基本生存,稳定南京局势和在曾经的国统区站住脚的现实考虑,开展了民生建设的一系列实践,取得了积极的成效。

Nanjing,as a case typically reflective of those days,is a showcase through which we can catch a glimpse of how the Communist Party of China successfully exercised leadership and settled the livelihood issue after the Communist Party of China took over the cities during the early days of the newly-established PRC(1949-1956).After Nanjing was liberated,many livelihood issues were very prevalent,such as overall stagnation of production,slow-down of economic development,social disorder,severe unemployment,dilapidated infrastructure and backward education and medical care services.To this end,the Nanjing Military Control Commission,the Nanjing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Nanjing Municipal Government,under the guidance of the livelihood theories and thoughts initiated by the Communist Party of China before and after the establishment of the PRC,especially the livelihood outlook by Mao Zedong and other comrades,and based on the realistic considerations of guaranteeing the basic survival needs of Nanjing people,stabilizing the situation of Nanjing and getting a firm foothold in what used to be the Kuomintang-ruled areas,rolled out a sequence of practices intended for the construction of livelihood and hence attained fruitful results.