基于RUSLE的汾河上游土壤侵蚀特征分析

Analysis of Soil Erosion Characteristics of the Upstream of the Fenhe River Based on RUSLE

汾河上游属黄河中游土壤侵蚀严重区,为了给汾河上游水土流失防治、生态治理和土地合理利用提供科技与数据支撑,基于2018年土地利用数据,借助修正的通用土壤流失方程和地理信息系统、遥感技术,计算汾河上游土壤侵蚀模数,并对其空间分布情况进行分析,结果表明:汾河上游最大土壤侵蚀模数为48117.10 t/(km^2·a),平均侵蚀模数为2781.74 t/(km^2·a),侵蚀强度等级比较高的区域主要分布在东北部和西南部;不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀强度差异较大,土壤侵蚀主要发生在海拔高、坡度大、植被覆盖度低的有林地、人工及其他草地和耕地,这三者的潜在土壤侵蚀量较大,采矿用地、未利用地、其他林地、园地平均侵蚀模数也较大,应加强土地用途管制,合理利用草地、林地和耕地,杜绝乱砍滥伐、不合理矿山开采等,尽可能减少人为土壤侵蚀;随着海拔的上升土壤侵蚀强度先急剧增大后缓慢减小,1200~2000 m是土壤侵蚀主要海拔段;土壤侵蚀模数随着坡度的增大而增大,8°~35°坡度范围是流域土壤侵蚀的严重区域和水土流失治理的重点区域。

The upstream of the Fenhe River is a serious soil erosion area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.In order to provide scien⁃tific and data support for soil erosion control,ecological management and rational land use in the upstream of the Fenhe River,based on the 2018 land use data,with the help of the revised general soil loss equation and geographic information system,remote sensing technology,the paper calculated the soil erosion modulus in the upstream of the Fenhe River and analyzed its spatial distribution.The results show that the maximum soil erosion modulus in the upstream of the Fenhe River is 48117.1 t/(km^2·a),the average erosion modulus is 2781.74 t/(km^2·a)and the areas with higher erosion intensity are mainly distributed in the northeast and southwest;soil erosion of different land use types are quite different and soil erosion mainly occurs in woodland,artificial grassland and cultivated land areas with high altitudes,large slopes and low vegetation coverage,the potential soil erosion is relatively larger.The average erosion modulus of mining land,unused land,other woodland and garden land is also relatively larger.Land use control should be strengthened and grassland,woodland and cultivated land should be used rationally,put an end to deforestation,unreasonable mining,et al.and reduce man-made soil erosion as much as possible;with the increase in altitude,the intensity of soil erosion firstly increases sharply and then slowly decreases.1200-2000 m is the main alti⁃tude section of soil erosion;the modulus of soil erosion increases with the increase of slope.The slope of 8°-35°is the serious area of soil e⁃rosion in the watershed and the key area of soil erosion control.