免疫固定电泳联合游离轻链检测对多发性骨髓瘤的诊断价值

Diagnostic value of immunofixation electrophoresis combined with free light chain detection in multiple myeloma

目的探讨免疫固定电泳联合游离轻链检测对多发性骨髓瘤的诊断价值。方法收集2017年7月1日至2019年5月16日来该院治疗的多发性骨髓瘤患者836例为研究组,同期体检健康者80例为对照组。对所有参与此次研究者的血清采用免疫固定电泳联合游离轻链进行检测,对2组受检者的检测结果进行分析比较。结果836例多发性骨髓瘤患者的免疫固定电泳分型结果显示:IgG型462例,其中κ型273例,λ型189例;IgA型223例,其中κ型122例,λ型101例;IgM型40例,均为λ型;游离轻链型111例,其中κ型22例,λ型89例。研究组患者IgG型人群的IgG水平明显高于其他人群,IgA型人群的IgA水平明显高于其他人群,IgM型人群的IgM水平明显高于其他人群(P<0.05)。研究组κ型患者的游离κ轻链水平、κ/λ值与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组λ型患者的游离λ轻链水平、κ/λ值与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组人群的κ轻链、λ轻链水平、κ/λ值与未检出M蛋白的多发性骨髓瘤患者相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组的检测准确率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对多发性骨髓瘤患者采用免疫固定电泳联合游离轻链进行诊断,结果较为确切,具有较高的临床价值。

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of immunofixation electrophoresis combined with free light chain in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma.Methods Totally 836 patients with multiple myeloma in the hospital from July 1,2017 to May 16,2019 were collected as study group,80 healthy people who came to the hospital for physical examination at the same time were collected as control group.All people involved in the study were tested by immunofixation electrophoresis combined with free light chain.The results of the two groups were analyzed and compared,and the detection prescription was given.Results The results of immunofixation electrophoresis in 836 patients with multiple myeloma showed that,462 cases of IgG type,including 273 cases ofκtype and 189 cases ofλtype;223 cases of IgA type,including 122 cases ofκtype and 101 cases ofλtype;40 cases of IgM,all of them wereλtype;111 cases of free light chain type,of which 22 cases ofκtype,89 cases ofλtype.The IgG level of the IgG group was significantly higher than that of the other groups,the IgA level of the IgA group was significantly higher than that of the other groups,the IgM level of the IgM group was significantly higher than that of the other group(P<0.05).Theκlight chain level and theκ/λvalue of typeκpatients in the study group were significantly different from the control group(P<0.05).Theλlight chain level and theκ/λvalue of typeλpatients in the study group were significantly different from the control groupt(P<0.05).The levels ofκlight chain,λlight chain andκ/λvalue in the control group were significantly different from those of multiple myeloma patients without M protein(P<0.05).The detection accuracy of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Immunofixation electrophoresis combined with free light chain in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma patients is more accurate and has high clinical value.