传染病暴发后不同时期各类人群的心理反应及启示

Psychological responses of various populations during different periods of infectious disease outbreak and its enlightenment

流行性传染病已成为社会公共卫生安全的重大威胁因素。本文回顾了既往研究结果,以传染病疫情发生后的时间为线索梳理了传染病大暴发对医护人员、患者和大众三类人群造成的心理影响,以及不良心理反应的危险性因素和保护性因素,为新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发后的心理研究和疏导工作提供参考。传染病暴发后的心理研究启示我们,接下来应开展多中心、大规模的追踪调查,重视污名化和网络舆论的影响及疫情后积极心理品质的变化,在心理干预工作中要充分利用危险性因素和保护性因素的研究成果。

Epidemic infectious diseases have become a major threat to public health safety.This paper reviews the previous researches and analyzes the psychological impact of infectious disease outbreak on medical staff,patients and the public,exploring the risk and protective factors of adverse psychological reactions,so as to provide references for future research and counseling after coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.It is suggested that multi-center and large-scale follow-up investigation is needed,and more attention needs to be paid on influences of stigma and public opinion on internet and the change of positive psychological quality after the epidemic outbreak.Moreover,the research results of risk and protective factors should be fully used in psychological intervention.