审判中心主义与认罪认罚程序的“双重陷阱”

The Double Trap in Trial Centered Criminal Procedure and Guilty Plea and Punishment Acceptance System

由于文化排异和认知不足,我国误将常识和中国传统观念作为构建普通程序的基准,落入“中国化陷阱”,导致“繁者不繁”,进一步引发认罪认罚从宽程序的一系列病变和风险。而在构建认罪认罚从宽程序时却抛弃最为适宜的中国传统转向西方正当程序的框架和话语体系,误入“西方化陷阱”,导致“简者不简”,制度设计叠床架屋引发恶性循环。要走出双重陷阱,关键在于厘清西方文化所孕育的普通程序与中国文化所应代表的认罪认罚制度在事实认定、价值定位等方面的巨大悬殊,从而做到二者界分清晰,各得其所。同时,在认罪认罚制度中引入“密室交流”和“律师背书”制度取代司法证明,引入律师主导的“认罪领刑”制度以简化侦查程序,省略审查起诉、公诉程序。

As a result of cultural exclusion and insufficiency in cognition,China has mistakenly used common sense and traditional Chinese concepts as the benchmark for constructing ordinary trial procedures,which leads to“Chinese trap”and“the complicated is not complicated”,and further causes a series of twists and risks in the plea-bargaining process as a result.In the construction of the plea bargain process,however,the appropriate Chinese tradition is abandoned in favor of the Westernized just process framework and discourse system,which mistakenly falls into the“Westernization trap”and leads to“the simple is not simple”,and the system design is needlessly duplicated and trapped in a vicious cycle.To get out of the double trap,the key is to clarify the huge disparity between the ordinary procedure nurtured by Western culture and the plea system represented by Chinese culture in terms of fact finding,value positioning,etc.,so that the two can be clearly distinguished and each is in its place.At the same time,the“back room exchange”and“lawyer endorsement”systems need to be introduced into the plea system instead of judicial proof,and the lawyer-led“guilty plea”system needs to be introduced to simplify the investigative process.The review of the indictment and the public prosecution process needs to be omitted.