民众协商与决策吸纳:协商吸纳型环境政策工具及其治理效应

Public Consultation and Decision-making Absorption:Consultation-Absorption Environmental Policy Tool and Its Governance Effect

环境污染是人类社会所面临的重大问题,各国政府积极制定和应用多种环境政策工具。围绕政府干预程度及其与企业的关系,传统研究将环境政策工具分为四种类型,即规制型、经济型、合作型和信息型,其发挥作用的对象是政府和企业。近年来,大众公共行为和社会交往所造成的环境压力和问题越来越突出,亟需设置和制定改善由此造成的环境问题的政策工具。协商吸纳型和自治型是两种新型的环境政策工具。以德国和丹麦为例证,描述和阐明协商吸纳型环境政策工具的历史渊源、出台过程及其治理效应。结合我国现有环境政策工具的自身缺陷,协商吸纳型环境政策工具应当具有一定的实践意义和推广价值。

Environmental pollution is a major problem the human society is faced with.Governments of all countries actively formulate and apply various environmental policy tools.Regarding the degree of government intervention and its relationship with enterprises,traditional research divides environmental policy instruments into four types:regulationbased,economic-based,cooperation-based,and information-based,and their research targets are governments and enterprises.In recent years,environmental pressures and problems caused by public behavior and social interaction have become more and more prominent.It is urgent to set up and develop policy tools for environmental problems caused by public behavior and social interaction.Consultation-Absorption and Autonomous Type are two new environmental policy tools.Taking Germany and Denmark as examples,this paper describes and clarifies the historical origin,introduction process and environmental governance effects of consultation-absorption environmental policy tool.Considering the shortcomings of the existing environmental policy tools in China,the consultation-absorption environmental policy tool should have certain practical significance and promotional value.